Counties of Iceland

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الموسوعة الحرة
Traditional counties and towns of Iceland

Iceland was historically divided into 23 counties known as sýslur (Icelandic pronunciation:[ˈsistlʏr̥]), and 23 independent towns known as kaupstaðir ([ˈkʰœypˌstaːðɪr̥]). Iceland is now split up between 24 sýslumenn (magistrates) that are the highest authority over the local police (except in Reykjavík where there is a special office of police commissioner) and carry out administrative functions such as declaring bankruptcy and marrying people outside of the church. The jurisdictions of these magistrates often follow the lines of the historical counties, but not always. When speaking of these new "administrative" counties, the custom is to associate them with the county seats rather than using the names of the traditional counties, even when they cover the same area.[1]

Composition

Independent towns (kaupstaðir) were first created in the 18th century as urbanisation began in Iceland; this practice continued into the 1980s. The last town that was declared an independent town was Ólafsvík in 1983. Since then, the laws regarding municipalities have been changed in such a way that there is no longer any distinction made between urban or rural municipalities.[2]

Historical counties

The historical counties were:

  • Árnessýsla ([ˈaurˌnɛsˌsistla], lit.'Árnes County')
  • Austur-Barðastrandarsýsla ([ˈœystʏr-ˈparðaˌstrantarˌsistla], lit.'East Barðaströnd County')
  • Austur-Húnavatnssýsla ([ˈœystʏrˈhuːnaˌvasːˌsistla], lit.'East Húnavatn County')
  • Austur-Skaftafellssýsla ([ˈœystʏrˈskaftaˌfɛlsˌsistla], lit.'East Skaftafell County')
  • Borgarfjarðarsýsla ([ˈpɔrkarˌfjarðarˌsistla], lit.'Borgarfjörður County')
  • دالاسيسلا ( [ ˈtaːlaˌsistla ] ، أشعل. ' مقاطعة الوادي ' )
  • Eyjafjarðarsýsla ( [ ˈeiːjaˌfjarðarˌsistla ] ، مضاءة " مقاطعة Eyjafjörður " )
  • Gullbringusýsla ( [ ˈkʏtl̥ˌpriŋkʏˌsistla ] ، أشعل. ' مقاطعة Gullbringa ' )
  • Kjósarsýsla ( [ ˈcʰouːsarˌsistla ] ، أشعل. ' مقاطعة كجوس ' )
  • Mýrasýsla ( [ ˈmiːraˌsistla ] ، أشعل. " مقاطعة ميرار " )
  • Norður-Ísafjarðarsýsla ( [ ˈnɔrðʏr ˈiːsaˌfjarðarˌsistla ] ، أشعل. ' مقاطعة شمال Ísafjörður ' )
  • Norður-Múlasýsla ( [ ˈnɔrðʏr ˈmuːlaˌsistla ] ، أشعل. ' مقاطعة شمال مولي ' )
  • Norður-Þingeyjarsýsla ( [ ˈnɔrðʏr ˈθiŋkˌeiːjarˌsistla ] ، أشعل. ' مقاطعة شمال Þingey ' )
  • Rangárvallasýsla ( [ ˈrauŋkˌaurˌvatlaˌsistla ] ، مضاءة. ' مقاطعة رانغارفيلير ' )
  • Skagafjarðarsýsla ( [ ˈskaːɣaˌfjarðarˌsistla ] ، أشعل. " مقاطعة Skagafjörður " )
  • Snæfellsnes- og Hnappadalssýsla ( [ ˈstnaiːˌfɛlsˌnɛːs ɔɣ ˈn̥ahpaˌtalsˌsistla ] ، أشعل. ' Snæfellsnes و Hnappadalur County ' )
  • Strandasßisla ( [ ˈstrantaˌsistla ] , lit. ' مقاطعة الساحل ' )
  • Suður-Múlasýsla ( [ ˈsʏːðʏr ˈmuːlaˌsistla ] ، أشعل. ' مقاطعة جنوب مولي ' )
  • Suður-Þingeyjarsýsla ( [ ˈsʏːðʏr ˈθiŋkˌeiːjarˌsistla ] ، أشعل. ' مقاطعة Þingey الجنوبية ' )
  • Vestur-Barðastrandarsýsla ( [ ˈvɛstʏr ˈparðaˌsrantarˌsistla ] ، أشعل. ' مقاطعة ويست باراستروند ' )
  • Vestur-Húnavatnssýsla ( [ ˈvɛstʏr ˈhuːnaˌvasːˌsistla ] ، مضاءة. " مقاطعة غرب هونافاتن " )
  • Vestur-Ísafjarðarsýsla ( [ ˈvɛstʏr ˈiːsaˌfjarðarˌsistla ] ، أشعل. ' مقاطعة West Ísafjörður ' )
  • Vestur-Skaftafellssýsla ( [ ˈvɛstʏr ˈskaftaˌfɛlsˌsistla ] ، أشعل. ' مقاطعة ويست سكافتافيل ' )

مدن مستقلة

كانت المدن المستقلة الـ 23 هي:

انظر أيضاً

مراجع

  1. ↑ "تاريخ أيسلندا الكامل" . دليل أيسلندا . تم الاطلاع عليه بتاريخ 10-06-2025 .
  2. ↑ جاكوبسون، سفيرير؛ هالفدانارسون، غودموندور (15 فبراير 2016). القاموس التاريخي لأيسلندا . دار بلومزبري للنشر المحدودة. رقم ISBN 978-1-4422-6291-1.