1988 Arizona Senate election

The 1988 Arizona Senate election was held on November 8, 1988. Voters elected members of the Arizona Senate in all 30 of the state's legislative districts to serve a two-year term. Primary elections were held on September 13, 1988.[3]

Prior to the elections, the Republicans held a majority of 19 seats over the Democrats' 11 seats.

Following the election, Republicans maintained control of the chamber with 17 Republicans to 13 Democrats, a net gain of two seats for Democrats.[4]

The newly elected senators served in the 39th Arizona State Legislature.

Retiring Incumbents

Republicans

  1. District 13: Greg Lunn
  2. District 15: S.H. "Hal" Runyan
  3. District 18: Tony West

Incumbents Defeated in Primary Elections

Republicans

  1. District 21: Carl J. Kunasek
  2. District 26: Peter Kay
  3. District 29: Jack J. Taylor

Incumbents Defeated in General Elections

Republican

  1. District 8: Carol Lee Macdonald
DistrictIncumbentPartyElected SenatorOutcome
1stJohn U. HaysRepJohn U. HaysRep Hold
2ndTony GabaldonDemTony GabaldonDem Hold
3rdJames Henderson Jr.DemJames Henderson Jr.Dem Hold
4thA.V. "Bill" HardtDemA.V. "Bill" HardtDem Hold
5thJones OsbornDemJones OsbornDem Hold
6thAlan J. StephensDemAlan J. StephensDem Hold
7thPeter RiosDemPeter RiosDem Hold
8thCarol Lee MacdonaldRepGus ArzbergerDem Gain
9thJeffrey J. HillRepJeffrey J. HillRep Hold
10thJesus "Chuy" HigueraDemJesus "Chuy" HigueraDem Hold
11thJaime P. GutierrezDemJaime P. GutierrezDem Hold
12thJohn T. MawhinneyRepJohn T. MawhinneyRep Hold
13thGreg LunnRepDavid C. BartlettDem Gain
14thWilliam J. "Bill" DeLongRepWilliam J. "Bill" DeLongRep Hold
15thS.H. "Hal" RunyanRepBob DennyRep Hold
16thWayne StumpRepWayne StumpRep Hold
17thPatricia "Pat" WrightRepPatricia "Pat" WrightRep Hold
18thTony WestRepLeo CorbetRep Hold
19thJan BrewerRepJan BrewerRep Hold
20thLela AlstonDemLela AlstonDem Hold
21stCarl J. KunasekRepJerry GillespieRep Hold
22ndManuel "Lito" Peña Jr.DemManuel "Lito" Peña Jr.Dem Hold
23rdCarolyn WalkerDemCarolyn WalkerDem Hold
24thPete CorpsteinRepPete CorpsteinRep Hold
25thJacque SteinerRepJacque SteinerRep Hold
26thPeter KayRepTom PattersonRep Hold
27thDoug ToddRepDoug ToddRep Hold
28thRobert B. UsdaneRepRobert B. UsdaneRep Hold
29thJack J. TaylorRepLester N. PearceRep Hold
30thJames J. SossamanRepJames J. SossamanRep Hold

Detailed Results

District 1

Republican primary results
PartyCandidateVotes%
RepublicanJohn Hays (incumbent) 9,442 52.36%
RepublicanShirley Mac-Noye6,79837.70%
RepublicanPhilip Beeson1,7949.95%
Total votes18,034 100.00%
General election results
PartyCandidateVotes%
RepublicanJohn Hays (incumbent) 33,327 65.75%
IndependentMarion L. Bigelow17,36434.25%
Total votes50,691 100.00%
Republicanhold

District 2

Democratic primary results
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticTony Gabaldon (incumbent) 7,729 100.00%
Total votes7,729 100.00%
Republican primary results
PartyCandidateVotes%
RepublicanJim Lee 7,066 100.00%
Total votes7,066 100.00%
General election results
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticTony Gabaldon (incumbent) 26,846 59.61%
RepublicanJim Lee18,19240.39%
Total votes45,038 100.00%
Democratichold

District 3

Democratic primary results
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticJames Henderson Jr. (incumbent) 5,766 55.68%
DemocraticSteven A. Darden4,59044.32%
Total votes10,356 100.00%
Republican primary results
PartyCandidateVotes%
RepublicanPaul Platero[a]59 100.00%
Total votes59 100.00%
General election results
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticJames Henderson Jr. (incumbent) 20,302 100.00%
Total votes20,302 100.00%
Democratichold

District 4

Democratic primary results
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticA. V. "Bill" Hardt (incumbent) 12,127 100.00%
Total votes12,127 100.00%
Republican primary results
PartyCandidateVotes%
RepublicanBrenda Udall 3,878 100.00%
Total votes3,878 100.00%
General election results
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticA. V. "Bill" Hardt (incumbent) 18,006 57.87%
RepublicanBrenda Udall13,10942.13%
Total votes31,115 100.00%
Democratichold

District 5

Democratic primary results
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticJones Osborn (incumbent) 6,326 100.00%
Total votes6,326 100.00%
Republican primary results
PartyCandidateVotes%
RepublicanArnold E. "Arnie" Bulick 3,456 100.00%
Total votes3,456 100.00%
General election results
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticJones Osborn (incumbent) 16,395 63.94%
RepublicanArnold E. "Arnie" Bulick9,24836.06%
Total votes25,643 100.00%
Democratichold

District 6

Democratic primary results
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticAlan Stephens (incumbent) 6,143 100.00%
Total votes6,143 100.00%
Republican primary results
PartyCandidateVotes%
RepublicanJuan S. Bautista Jr.[a]380 100.00%
Total votes380 100.00%
General election results
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticAlan Stephens (incumbent) 22,304 99.50%
RepublicanJuan S. Bautista Jr.[b]1130.50%
Total votes22,417 100.00%
Democratichold

District 7

Democratic primary results
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticPeter Rios (incumbent) 7,680 65.94%
DemocraticJerry Michaels3,96734.06%
Total votes11,647 100.00%
Republican primary results
PartyCandidateVotes%
RepublicanMari Gardner 2,892 100.00%
Total votes2,892 100.00%
General election results
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticPeter Rios (incumbent) 18,761 62.65%
RepublicanMari Gardner11,18337.35%
Total votes29,944 100.00%
Democratichold

District 8

Democratic primary results
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticGus Arzberger8,397 63.17%
DemocraticMarjory "Marge" Ollson4,89536.83%
Total votes13,292 100.00%
Republican primary results
PartyCandidateVotes%
RepublicanCarol Lee Macdonald (incumbent) 3,131 94.36%
RepublicanClay Smith[a]1875.64%
Total votes3,318 100.00%
General election results
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticGus Arzberger15,767 56.03%
RepublicanCarol Lee Macdonald (incumbent)12,37143.97%
Total votes28,138 100.00%
Democraticgain from Republican

District 9

Democratic primary results
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticMarjel J. De Lauer 6,974 100.00%
Total votes6,974 100.00%
Republican primary results
PartyCandidateVotes%
RepublicanJeffrey J. Hill (incumbent) 7,242 100.00%
Total votes7,242 100.00%
General election results
PartyCandidateVotes%
RepublicanJeffrey J. Hill (incumbent) 21,979 52.95%
DemocraticMarjel J. De Lauer19,53147.05%
Total votes41,510 100.00%
Republicanhold

District 10

Democratic primary results
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticJesus "Chuy" Higuera (incumbent) 2,954 41.58%
DemocraticMarcario Saldate2,79239.30%
DemocraticDoug Shakel1,35819.12%
Total votes7,104 100.00%
General election results
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticJesus "Chuy" Higuera (incumbent) 14,606 99.01%
RepublicanJoseph L. Gartrell[b]1460.99%
Total votes14,752 100.00%
Democratichold

District 11

Democratic primary results
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticJaime P. Gutierrez (incumbent) 7,513 100.00%
Total votes7,513 100.00%
General election results
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticJaime P. Gutierrez (incumbent) 24,930 100.00%
Total votes24,930 100.00%
Democratichold

District 12

Democratic primary results
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticReid Ewing 7,610 100.00%
Total votes7,610 100.00%
Republican primary results
PartyCandidateVotes%
RepublicanJohn T. Mawhinney (incumbent) 6,144 100.00%
Total votes6,144 100.00%
General election results
PartyCandidateVotes%
RepublicanJohn T. Mawhinney (incumbent) 25,124 51.01%
DemocraticReid Ewing24,13348.99%
Total votes49,257 100.00%
Republicanhold

District 13

Democratic primary results
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticDavid C. Bartlett 8,132 100.00%
Total votes8,132 100.00%
Republican primary results
PartyCandidateVotes%
RepublicanRobert Bayne 6,696 77.72%
RepublicanAlbert "Slick" C. Williams1,91922.28%
Total votes8,615 100.00%
General election results
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticDavid C. Bartlett 26,585 57.16%
RepublicanRobert Bayne19,92542.84%
Total votes46,510 100.00%
Democraticgain from Republican

District 14

Democratic primary results
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticCraig Runyon 3,942 53.18%
DemocraticHarold Hyams3,47146.82%
Total votes7,413 100.00%
Republican primary results
PartyCandidateVotes%
RepublicanBill De Long (incumbent) 5,778 63.35%
RepublicanKen Chiaro3,34336.65%
Total votes9,121 100.00%
General election results
PartyCandidateVotes%
RepublicanBill De Long (incumbent) 24,441 61.87%
DemocraticCraig Runyon15,06338.13%
Total votes39,504 100.00%
Republicanhold

District 15

Democratic primary results
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticPat Bosch 5,403 100.00%
Total votes5,403 100.00%
Republican primary results
PartyCandidateVotes%
RepublicanBob Denny 9,904 100.00%
Total votes9,904 100.00%
General election results
PartyCandidateVotes%
RepublicanBob Denny 24,667 61.91%
DemocraticPat Bosch15,17438.09%
Total votes39,841 100.00%
Republicanhold

District 16

Democratic primary results
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticStan Furman 4,138 100.00%
Total votes4,138 100.00%
Republican primary results
PartyCandidateVotes%
RepublicanWayne Stump (incumbent) 4,508 51.86%
RepublicanJack Kearney4,18448.14%
Total votes8,692 100.00%
General election results
PartyCandidateVotes%
RepublicanWayne Stump (incumbent) 19,414 52.95%
DemocraticStan Furman17,24847.05%
Total votes36,662 100.00%
Republicanhold

District 17

Democratic primary results
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticRay Reese 4,472 100.00%
Total votes4,472 100.00%
Republican primary results
PartyCandidateVotes%
RepublicanPatricia D. "Pat" Wright (incumbent) 8,693 100.00%
Total votes8,693 100.00%
General election results
PartyCandidateVotes%
RepublicanPatricia D. "Pat" Wright (incumbent) 24,735 67.34%
DemocraticRay Reese11,99832.66%
Total votes36,733 100.00%
Republicanhold

District 18

Democratic primary results
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticMadelene Van Arsdell 4,513 100.00%
Total votes4,513 100.00%
Republican primary results
PartyCandidateVotes%
RepublicanLeo Corbet7,375 68.57%
RepublicanRonald J. Bellus3,38031.43%
Total votes10,755 100.00%
General election results
PartyCandidateVotes%
RepublicanLeo Corbet21,187 58.26%
DemocraticMadelene Van Arsdell15,17741.74%
Total votes36,364 100.00%
Republicanhold

District 19

Democratic primary results
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticCarol A. Griffin 3,397 58.12%
DemocraticDon Nilles2,44841.88%
Total votes5,845 100.00%
Republican primary results
PartyCandidateVotes%
RepublicanJan Brewer (incumbent) 9,940 100.00%
Total votes9,940 100.00%
General election results
PartyCandidateVotes%
RepublicanJan Brewer (incumbent) 33,852 64.79%
DemocraticCarol A. Griffin18,39635.21%
Total votes52,248 100.00%
Republicanhold

District 20

Democratic primary results
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticLela Alston (incumbent) 4,866 100.00%
Total votes4,866 100.00%
Republican primary results
PartyCandidateVotes%
RepublicanTed Humes 4,311 100.00%
Total votes4,311 100.00%
General election results
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticLela Alston (incumbent) 16,605 59.16%
RepublicanTed Humes11,46140.84%
Total votes28,066 100.00%
Democratichold

District 21

Democratic primary results
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticWilliam E. "Bill" Hegarty 4,835 100.00%
Total votes4,835 100.00%
Republican primary results
PartyCandidateVotes%
RepublicanJerry Gillespie7,229 55.28%
RepublicanCarl J. Kunasek (incumbent)5,84944.72%
Total votes13,078 100.00%
General election results
PartyCandidateVotes%
RepublicanJerry Gillespie23,792 52.59%
DemocraticWilliam E. "Bill" Hegarty21,44547.41%
Total votes45,237 100.00%
Republicanhold

District 22

Democratic primary results
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticManuel "Lito" Peña Jr. (incumbent) 2,540 61.04%
DemocraticCharles E. Hall Jr.1,62138.96%
Total votes4,161 100.00%
Republican primary results
PartyCandidateVotes%
RepublicanRichard Adams 1,315 100.00%
Total votes1,315 100.00%
Libertarian Primary Results
PartyCandidateVotes%
LibertarianPaul Miller[a]3 100.00%
Total votes3 100.00%
General election results
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticManuel "Lito" Peña Jr. (incumbent) 9,954 63.98%
RepublicanRichard Adams4,83031.05%
LibertarianPaul Miller7734.97%
Total votes15,557 100.00%
Democratichold

District 23

Democratic primary results
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticCarolyn Walker (incumbent) 3,159 56.20%
DemocraticBen Miranda2,46243.80%
Total votes5,621 100.00%
Republican primary results
PartyCandidateVotes%
RepublicanMary Fuentes Carr 1,020 100.00%
Total votes1,020 100.00%
New Alliance Primary Results
PartyCandidateVotes%
New AllianceCarolyn T. Lowery 2 100.00%
Total votes2 100.00%
General election results
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticCarolyn Walker (incumbent) 10,627 73.03%
RepublicanMary Fuentes Carr3,50424.08%
New AllianceCarolyn T. Lowery4202.89%
RepublicanSamuel Wesley[b]00.00%
Total votes14,551 100.00%
Democratichold

District 24

Republican primary results
PartyCandidateVotes%
RepublicanPete Corpstein (incumbent) 10,586 100.00%
Total votes10,586 100.00%
Libertarian Primary Results
PartyCandidateVotes%
LibertarianMarilyn Titschinger 44 100.00%
Total votes44 100.00%
General election results
PartyCandidateVotes%
RepublicanPete Corpstein (incumbent) 39,896 80.70%
LibertarianMarilyn Titschinger9,54419.30%
Total votes49,440 100.00%
Republicanhold

District 25

Democratic primary results
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticJeffrey R. Finley 4,587 100.00%
Total votes4,587 100.00%
Republican primary results
PartyCandidateVotes%
RepublicanJacque Steiner (incumbent) 4,625 59.65%
RepublicanCraig I. Willison3,12840.35%
Total votes7,753 100.00%
General election results
PartyCandidateVotes%
RepublicanJacque Steiner (incumbent) 18,727 60.34%
DemocraticJeffrey R. Finley12,30739.66%
Total votes31,034 100.00%
Republicanhold

District 26

Democratic primary results
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticDeborah Linzer 4,242 100.00%
Total votes4,242 100.00%
Republican primary results
PartyCandidateVotes%
RepublicanTom Patterson5,855 59.90%
RepublicanPeter Kay (incumbent)3,92040.10%
Total votes9,775 100.00%
General election results
PartyCandidateVotes%
RepublicanTom Patterson19,573 54.75%
DemocraticDeborah Linzer16,17645.25%
Total votes35,749 100.00%
Republicanhold

District 27

Republican primary results
PartyCandidateVotes%
RepublicanDoug Todd (incumbent) 6,240 56.89%
RepublicanBill Valentic4,72943.11%
Total votes10,969 100.00%
Libertarian Primary Results
PartyCandidateVotes%
LibertarianKen Van Doren[a]9 100.00%
Total votes9 100.00%
General election results
PartyCandidateVotes%
RepublicanDoug Todd (incumbent) 32,435 78.67%
LibertarianKen Van Doren4,95912.03%
IndependentIlias Kostopoulos3,8339.30%
Total votes41,227 100.00%
Republicanhold

District 28

Republican primary results
PartyCandidateVotes%
RepublicanRobert B. Usdane (incumbent) 11,410 100.00%
Total votes11,410 100.00%
General election results
PartyCandidateVotes%
RepublicanRobert B. Usdane (incumbent) 49,626 100.00%
Total votes49,626 100.00%
Republicanhold

District 29

Republican primary results
PartyCandidateVotes%
RepublicanLester N. Pearce 5,935 56.86%
RepublicanJack J. Taylor (incumbent)4,50343.14%
Total votes10,438 100.00%
General election results
PartyCandidateVotes%
RepublicanLester N. Pearce 24,240 100.00%
Total votes24,240 100.00%
Republicanhold

District 30

Republican primary results
PartyCandidateVotes%
RepublicanJames J. Sossaman (incumbent) 8,136 50.93%
RepublicanLarry Chesley7,84049.07%
Total votes15,976 100.00%
Libertarian Primary Results
PartyCandidateVotes%
LibertarianDonald Markowski[a]18 100.00%
Total votes18 100.00%
General election results
PartyCandidateVotes%
RepublicanJames J. Sossaman (incumbent) 50,026 83.93%
LibertarianDonald Markowski9,58016.07%
Total votes59,606 100.00%
Republicanhold

Summary of Votes in the Impeachment Trial of Governor Evan Mecham

On February 8, 1988, the Arizona House of Representatives voted to impeach Governor Evan Mecham. This caused a schism in the Arizona Republican Party since the House was controlled by Republicans and the Governor was also a Republican.[5][6]

Subsequent to the House's vote to impeach, the Senate then convened the impeachment trial of Governor Mecham. On March 30, 1988, the Senate voted to dismiss Article II (pertaining to false sworn statements) for fear of putting Mecham in a position of quasi double jeopardy due to the ongoing criminal proceedings in the Superior Court of Maricopa County.[7] The vote to dismiss Article II was Ayes-16, Noes-12, and Not Voting-2.

On April 4, 1988, the Senate voted on Article I (pertaining to obstruction of justice) and Article III (pertaining to misuse of funds) of the Articles of Impeachment. The Presiding Officer, at 4:56 p.m., announced that by a vote of 21 ayes and 9 noes, Evan Mecham was convicted of high crimes, misdemeanors or malfeasance in office, as contained in Article I of the Articles of Impeachment.[8] The Presiding Officer announced that by a vote of 26 ayes and 4 noes, Evan Mecham was convicted of high crimes, misdemeanors or malfeasance in office, as contained in Article III of the Articles of Impeachment.[9]

Having voted to convict on both Article I and Article III, the Senate then voted on whether to permanently disqualify Mecham from ever again holding any office of honor, trust, or profit in the State of Arizona. The Presiding Officer, at 5:30 p.m., announced that by a roll call vote of 17 ayes and 13 noes, Evan Mecham was not disqualified from holding any office of honor, trust or profit in the State.[c][10]

The table below summarizes the votes of each Senator during the Mecham impeachment trial and their subsequent fate in the 1988 elections.[11]

DistrictSenatorPartyArticle II[d]Article IArticle IIIPermanently Disqualify MechamSenator's Electoral Outcome
1stJohn U. HaysRepDo Not DismissAyeAyeAyeRe-elected
2ndTony GabaldonDemDismissAyeAyeAyeRe-elected
3rdJames Henderson Jr.DemDismissAyeAyeAyeRe-elected
4thA.V. "Bill" HardtDemDismissAyeAyeAyeRe-elected
5thJones OsbornDemDismissAyeAyeAyeRe-elected
6thAlan J. StephensDemDismissAyeAyeNoRe-elected
7thPeter RiosDemDismissAyeAyeNoRe-elected
8thCarol Lee MacdonaldRepDo Not DismissAyeAyeAyeLost (General)
9thJeffrey J. HillRepDismissNoNoAyeRe-elected
10thJesus "Chuy" HigueraDemDismissAyeAyeAyeRe-elected
11thJaime P. GutierrezDemDismissAyeAyeAyeRe-elected
12thJohn T. MawhinneyRepDo Not DismissAyeAyeAyeRe-elected
13thGreg LunnRepNot VotingAyeAyeAyeRetired
14thWilliam J. "Bill" DeLongRepDo Not DismissAyeAyeAyeRe-elected
15thS.H. "Hal" RunyanRepNot VotingAyeAyeAyeRetired
16thWayne StumpRepDismissNoNoNoRe-elected
17thPatricia "Pat" WrightRepDismissNoNoNoRe-elected
18thTony WestRepDo Not DismissAyeAyeAyeRetired
19thJan BrewerRepDismissNoNoNoRe-elected
20thLela AlstonDemDismissAyeAyeAyeRe-elected
21stCarl J. KunasekRepDo Not DismissNoAyeNoLost (Primary)
22ndManuel "Lito" Peña Jr.DemDismissAyeAyeNoRe-elected
23rdCarolyn WalkerDemDismissAyeAyeAyeRe-elected
24thPete CorpsteinRepDo Not DismissAyeAyeNoRe-elected
25thJacque SteinerRepDo Not DismissNoAyeNoRe-elected
26thPeter KayRepDo Not DismissNoAyeNoLost (Primary)
27thDoug ToddRepDo Not DismissAyeAyeAyeRe-elected
28thRobert B. UsdaneRepDo Not DismissNoAyeNoRe-elected
29thJack J. TaylorRepDo Not DismissAyeAyeNoLost (Primary)
30thJames J. SossamanRepDismissNoAyeNoRe-elected
  1. 123456Ran as a write-in candidate in the primary election.
  2. 123Was a write-in candidate in the general election.
  3. Note that the threshold to disqualify is a two-thirds vote, which would have been 20 ayes. Though 17 is a majority, it did not meet the two-thirds necessary for permanent disqualification.
  4. The vote to dismiss Article II occurred on March 30, 1988.

References

  1. "1987, Journal of the Senate, State of Arizona, Thirty-Eighth Legislature, 1st Regular Session". Arizona Secretary of State.
  2. "1989, Journal of the Senate, State of Arizona, Thirty-Ninth Legislature, 1st Regular Session". Arizona Secretary of State.
  3. "1988 State of Arizona, official canvass, primary election". Arizona Secretary of State.
  4. "1988 State of Arizona, official canvass, general election,". Arizona Secretary of State.
  5. "1988: Gov. Evan Mecham impeached". Arizona Daily Star.
  6. "Arizona's Supreme Court Blocks A Special Gubernatorial Election". New York Times.
  7. "1988, Journal of the Court of Impeachment, Thirty-Eighth Legislature: Record of proceedings of the Court of Impeachment: in the trial of the Honorable Evan Mecham, Governor, State of Arizona". Arizona State Library. p. 179.
  8. "1988, Journal of the Court of Impeachment, Thirty-Eighth Legislature: Record of proceedings of the Court of Impeachment: in the trial of the Honorable Evan Mecham, Governor, State of Arizona". Arizona State Library. p. 186.
  9. "1988, Journal of the Court of Impeachment, Thirty-Eighth Legislature: Record of proceedings of the Court of Impeachment: in the trial of the Honorable Evan Mecham, Governor, State of Arizona". Arizona State Library. p. 186.
  10. "1988, Journal of the Court of Impeachment, Thirty-Eighth Legislature: Record of proceedings of the Court of Impeachment: in the trial of the Honorable Evan Mecham, Governor, State of Arizona". Arizona State Library. p. 187.
  11. "1988, Journal of the Court of Impeachment, Thirty-Eighth Legislature: Record of proceedings of the Court of Impeachment: in the trial of the Honorable Evan Mecham, Governor, State of Arizona". Arizona State Library. p. 7.