Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt
The Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XXI, alternatively 21st Dynasty or Dynasty 21) is usually classified as the first Dynasty of the Ancient EgyptianThird Intermediate Period, lasting from 1077 BC to 943 BC.
History
After the reign of Ramesses III, a long, slow decline of royal power in Egypt followed. The pharaohs of the Twenty-first Dynasty ruled from Tanis, but were mostly active only in Lower Egypt, which they controlled. This dynasty is described as 'Tanite' because its political capital was based at Tanis. Meanwhile, the High Priests of Amun at Thebes effectively ruled Middle and Upper Egypt in all but name. The later Egyptian Priest Manetho of Sebennytos states in his Epitome on Egyptian royal history that "the 21st Dynasty of Egypt lasted for 130 years".[1]
Pharaohs of the 21st Dynasty
| Pharaoh | Image | Prenomen (Throne name) | Horus-name | Reign | Burial | Consort(s) | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smendes / Nesbanebdjed I |  | Hedjkheperre Setepenre | Kanakhtmeryreseuser Amunkhepesheferseqamaat | 1077 - 1051 BC | unknown | Tentamun | Only controlled Lower Egypt during his reign. Founder of the 21st Dynasty. |
| Amenemnisu |  | Neferkare Heqawaset | (unknown) | 1051 - 1047 BC | unknown | ||
| Psusennes I / Hor-Pasebakhaenniut I |  | Akheperre Setepenamun | Kanakhtemdedamun Userfausekhaemwaset | 1047 - 998 BC | NRT III, Tanis | Mutnedjemet Wiay | Precise length of reign unknown. Either 49 years or maximum 50 years. |
| Amenemope |  | Usermaatre Setepenamun | (unknown) | 1000 - 991 BC | Tanis | Manetho writes in his Epitome that Amenemope ruled Egypt for 9 years with first 2-3 years in co-regency with Psusennes I. | |
| Osorkon the Elder |  | Akheperre Setepenre | (unknown) | 991 - 985 BC | unknown | Osorkon the elder ruled Egypt for 6 years. | |
| Siamun |  | Netjerkheperre Setepenamun | Kanakhtmerymat Sameryenamunperemhauef | 985 - 966 BC | unknown | Siamun is believed to have ruled Egypt for 19 years. Egyptologists have amended Manetho's figure of 9 years for this king to [1]9 years based on a Year 17 known for him in the Karnak Priestly Annals | |
| Psusennes II / Hor-Pasebakhaenniut II |  | Titkheperure Setepenre | (unknown) | 966 - 943 BC | unknown |
Timeline of the 21st Dynasty
Footnotes
- ↑Kenneth A. Kitchen, The Third Intermediate Period in Egypt (1100–650 BC), 3rd edition, 1986, Warminster: Aris & Phillips Ltd, p.531
Further reading
- Jaroslav Černý, Studies in the Chronology of the Twenty-First Dynasty, JEA 32 (1946), 24-30
See also
External links
- Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt
- States and territories established in the 11th century BC
- States and territories disestablished in the 10th century BC
- Dynasties of ancient Egypt
- Nile Delta
- 11th-century BC establishments in Egypt
- 10th-century BC disestablishments in Egypt
- Tanis