Siege of Kolomna

The siege of Kolomna during December 1237–January 1238 was part of the Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus'. Following the Battle of Voronezh River in December 1237, Yuri II of Vladimir sent both of his sons with "all his men"^[3] and Voivode Yeremey to defend the fortress of Kolomna, which was on the border to the Wild Fields.

In Kolomna, the Vladimir-Suzdalian army met some of the Ryazan survivors from the Battle of Voronezh River led by Prince Roman Ingvarevich.^[4] After some heavy fighting under the walls of Kolomna, the young princes Vsevolod and Vladimir retreated to Vladimir and Moscow, respectively.^[3][5] The small Suzdalian force left in Kolomna was besieged and annihilated a few days after the destruction of Ryazan.^[6] This left the capital, Vladimir, open for the next Mongol-Tatar onslaught.

According to Rashid-al-Din Hamadani, the contemporary historian of the Ilkhanate, Kolomna was the fiercest battle of the entire campaign: Kulkan, son of Genghis Khan, died in battle.^[7] Reasons for Mongol casualties, which were heavier than usual, might be:

• Kolomna was attacked by only a fraction of Mongol force, while the main army was occupied with the siege of Ryazan.^[4]
• Suzdalian forces at Kolomna included almost all the warriors of Vladimir-Suzdal, the strongest state of Kievan Rus' at the time. The Suzdalian capital city of Vladimir was probably left defenceless, as it was taken after just 2 days^[3]-much smaller Ryazan resisted longer, even after the defeat on the Voronezh River.^[5] Soviet historians estimated the Suzdalian army at Kolomna up to 15,000 men.^[8]
• The Suzdalian army was apparently a relief force,^[5] and Voivode Yeremey is specifically mentioned as "captain of the guards",^[4] so it is reasonable to assume that most of Grand Prince Yuri's Druzhina was there as well. So the army had a small, but well equipped core of professional soldiers.

بحسب رواية "قصة تدمير ريازان "، بعد أيام قليلة من سقوط كولومنا، تعرض الجيش المغولي الرئيسي لهجوم مفاجئ "في أرض سوزدال". ^{[ 9 ]} وفي 11 يناير 1238، خاضت فلول المدافعين عن ريازان، وعددهم 1700 رجل بقيادة إيفباتي كولوفات ، معركةً شرسةً دفاعًا عن وطنهم. ورغم أن هذه القصة قد تكون خيالية، إلا أن حكاية تضحيتهم تُعدّ "إحدى أعظم الملاحم في تاريخ روسيا". ^{[ 10 ]}