Harlan Cleveland

Harlan Cleveland (January 19, 1918 – May 30, 2008) was an American diplomat, educator, and author.^[1] He served as Lyndon B. Johnson's U.S. Ambassador to NATO from 1965 to 1969, and earlier as U.S. Assistant Secretary of State for International Organization Affairs from 1961 to 1965.^[2] He was president of the University of Hawaii from 1969 to 1974, president of the World Academy of Art and Science in the 1990s, and Founding dean of the University of Minnesota's Hubert H. Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs. Cleveland also served as dean of the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs at Syracuse University from 1956 to 1961.^[3]

He was born on January 19, 1918, in New York City, to Stanley Matthews Cleveland (grandson of Stanley Matthews) and Marian Van Buren.^[1][4] His siblings were Harold van Buren Cleveland (who became an economist), Anne Cleveland White (who became an artist), and Stanley Cleveland (who became a diplomat). Cleveland's father died when he was eight years old, after which the family moved to Geneva, Switzerland, where he attended school and learned French. Upon returning to the states, Cleveland attended Phillips Andover Academy from 1931 to 1934,^[5] and graduated from Princeton University in 1938.^[6] He was a Rhodes Scholar at Oxford University in 1938 and 1939, where one of his teachers was Harold Wilson.^[7] When World War II broke out, Cleveland returned to the States.^[5]

Cleveland's career included periods of service as an American diplomat and as an educator, as well as significant productivity as a writer and book author.^[1]

In 1953, he became executive director and later publisher of The Reporter.^[8]

He served as dean of the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs at Syracuse University from 1956 to 1961.^[3] He was appointed the U.S. Assistant Secretary of State for International Organization Affairs under Presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson from 1961 to 1965,^[2] and then as President Johnson's U.S. Ambassador to NATO from 1965 to 1969.^[2]

Cleveland went on to serve as president of the University of Hawaii from 1969 to 1974, a period that saw university's addition of an international astronomy project, a law school, and a medical school.^[3]

Cleveland was an early advocate and practitioner of online education,^[9] teaching courses for the Western Behavioral Sciences Institute (WBSI), and Connected Education in the 1980s and early 1990s. and he was elected president of the World Academy of Art and Science in the 1990s.^[10]

Cleveland was and the founding dean of the University of Minnesota's Hubert H. Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs.^[11]

Cleveland is credited with coining the term coalition of the willing.^[12]

ألف كليفلاند اثني عشر كتابًا، من أشهرها "المدير التنفيذي للمعرفة" (1985) و" لا أحد مسؤول: مقالات حول مستقبل القيادة" (2002). ^{[ 15 ] [ 16 ]} كما نشر مئات المقالات في المجلات والدوريات، بما في ذلك الفصل الأخير من كتاب "نظام بريتون وودز-الجات: استعراض وتوقعات بعد خمسين عامًا" (1996). ^{[ 17 ]} وكان آخر أعمال كليفلاند المنشورة هو الفصل الافتتاحي لكتاب "خلق ثقافة التعلم: الاستراتيجية والتكنولوجيا والممارسة" (2004) بعنوان "القيادة والتعلم في ظل غياب المسؤول". ^{[ 18 ]}

انتُخب كليفلاند زميلًا في الأكاديمية العالمية للفنون والعلوم (WAAS)، وعضوًا في نادي روما خلال ثمانينيات القرن العشرين. ^{[ 19 ]} وقد فاز مناصفةً (مع برتراند دي جوفينيل ) بجائزة تالوار لعام 1981، وهي جائزة سويسرية أشادت به باعتباره "فنانًا متعدد المواهب". ^{[ 11 ] [ 20 ]}

حصل كليفلاند على وسام الحرية الرئاسي الأمريكي ، ^{[ 21 ]} وجائزة وودرو ويلسون من جامعة برينستون في عام 1968، ^{[ 22 ]} وجائزة قائد السلام من فيلق السلام ، ^{[ 9 ]} وجائزة جيمس ماديسون للخدمة العامة المتميزة من الجمعية الأمريكية الويغ-كليوصوفية في عام 1965. ^{[ 23 ]}

تم تعيينه أميناً على مؤسسة Chaordic Commons في أوائل العقد الأول من القرن الحادي والعشرين، ^{[ 15 ]} وحصل على 22 درجة فخرية. ^{[ 9 ]}

تسبب حادث في طفولته في فقدان كليفلاند البصر في إحدى عينيه، مما أدى إلى استبعاده من الخدمة العسكرية. ^{[ 8 ]}

خدم كليفلاند بنشاط في الأكاديمية العالمية للفنون والعلوم (WAAS) ونادي روما لأكثر من ربع قرن. ^{[ 19 ]}

كان كليفلاند متزوجاً ولديه ثلاثة أطفال. توفي عن عمر يناهز التسعين عاماً في 30 مايو 2008، في ستيرلينغ، فيرجينيا، خارج واشنطن العاصمة ^{[ 1 ]}

• التعليم المتصل
• DIKW
• مركز الشرق والغرب
• منتدى القيادة الدولي
• قائمة علماء المستقبل
• البحث السردي

• Holley, Joe (June 6, 2008). "Harlan Cleveland; Dean, Author, Statesman and Lifelong Learner"(obituary). The Washington Post. Retrieved 8 November 2024.
• Obituary in The Star Tribune
• University of Hawaiʻi press release
• In Memory of Harlan Cleveland by Patrick Mendis in The Minnesota PostArchived 2008-06-12 at the Wayback Machine

• Club of Rome
• InOp Cleveland on Leadership, an article from THE FUTURIST magazineArchived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine
• International Leadership Forum