رونالد تاكاكي
كان رونالد توشيوكي تاكاكي (12 أبريل 1939 - 26 مايو 2009) أكاديميًا ومؤرخًا وباحثًا في علم الأعراق ومؤلفًا أمريكيًا. ولد تاكاكي في هاواي قبل انضمامها إلى الولايات المتحدة ، ودرس في كلية ووستر ، وأكمل دراسته وحصل على درجة الدكتوراه في التاريخ الأمريكي من جامعة كاليفورنيا، بيركلي .
يتناول عمله الصور النمطية للأمريكيين الآسيويين ، مثل مفهوم الأقلية النموذجية . [ 1 ] من أبرز كتبه " غرباء من شاطئ مختلف: تاريخ الأمريكيين الآسيويين" الصادر عام 1989، و "مرآة مختلفة: تاريخ أمريكا متعددة الثقافات" الصادر عام 1993. عمل تاكاكي أستاذاً في جامعة كاليفورنيا، لوس أنجلوس، من عام 1966 إلى عام 1971، وفي جامعة كاليفورنيا، بيركلي، من عام 1971 إلى عام 2003.
وقت مبكر من الحياة
وُلد تاكاكي عام ١٩٣٩ في هاواي ، ونشأ في حي بالولو بمدينة هونولولو . [ ٢ ] كان من سلالة مهاجرين يابانيين عملوا في مزارع قصب السكر . [ ٣ ] هاجر والده، هاري توشيو تاكاكي، إلى هاواي من ميفوني، كوماموتو ، اليابان في سن المراهقة، وعمل في مزرعة في بونيني قبل أن يتتلمذ على يد راي جيروم بيكر ويفتتح استوديو التصوير الخاص به. [ ٤ ] توفي هاري عندما كان رونالد في الخامسة من عمره، وتزوجت والدة رونالد من كون كيو يونغ، وهو مهاجر من غوانغدونغ ، الصين، والذي أصبح زوج أم رونالد. [ ٥ ] [ ٦ ] في صغره، كان تاكاكي مولعًا بركوب الأمواج أكثر من الدراسة، مما أكسبه لقب "تاكاكي ذو العشرة أصابع". خلال المرحلة الثانوية، شجعه مدرس أمريكي ياباني ، القس شونجي نيشي الحاصل على درجة الدكتوراه [ 7 ] ، على الالتحاق بالجامعة وكتب له رسالة توصية لكلية ووستر في ووستر، أوهايو . [ 5 ]
دفعته تجاربه الجامعية هناك إلى طرح أنواع الأسئلة التي شكلت فيما بعد أساس مسيرته المهنية. [ 8 ] وبصفته أحد أمريكيين آسيويين اثنين فقط في الحرم الجامعي، اكتسب وعيًا جديدًا بهويته العرقية. [ 5 ] حصل على درجة البكالوريوس في التاريخ عام 1961. [ 9 ]
Takaki then began graduate studies in American history at the University of California, Berkeley and completed his master's degree in 1962 and Ph.D. in 1967.[1] His dissertation was on the subject of American slavery, focusing on the rationale for slavery.[3] This work later became his first book: A Pro-Slavery Crusade: the Agitation to Reopen the African Slave Trade.[10]
Takaki's personal experiences inspired him to devote his life to working for equality for Asian Americans and others. A seminal event in his life developed when his wife's family refused to accept him because they could only see him as a "jap"—not as a native-born American citizen just like any one else.[8]
Academic career
His initial teaching experience was in 1966 at the University of California at Los Angeles, where he taught the first Black History course offered at that institution.[1][2] When recalling his first day teaching this course, he stated, "When I walked into the classroom I discovered it was held in a huge auditorium - 500 seats and every seat was taken, and students were sitting in the aisles, and there was a loud chitter-chatter, the students were excited...As I made my way to the front of the auditorium all of a sudden a silence descended in this room and their eyes were riveted on me and I could just feel them saying to themselves, 'Funny, he doesn't look black'."[11] One of his students on the first day asked what the class was going to learn about "revolutionary tactics," and he later recalled that his immediate response was to suggest that he hoped students would learn skills of critical thinking and effective writing—and that these could be quite revolutionary.[8]
In 1971, he accepted a teaching position at Berkeley where his general survey course, "Racial Inequality in America: a Comparative Perspective," led the development of an undergraduate ethnic studies major and an ethnic studies Ph.D. program.[1][2] For the next three decades, he continued to be an important contributor in the growth of the program. He was involved in developing the school's multicultural requirement for graduation: the American Cultures Requirement.[12] The long-time Professor of Asian American Studies retired in 2003.[2]
In a course on Asian American Studies, one of his students was Lela Lee, creator of the cartoon Angry Little Asian Girl.[13]
Personal life
Takaki married Carol Rankin in 1961; they met as students at the College of Wooster. They had three children.[10] Takaki died of suicide on May 26, 2009, in Berkeley, California, after having multiple sclerosis for nearly 20 years, according to his son Troy.[5]
Honors
- Association of Asian American Studies (AAAS), Lifetime Achievement Award, 2009.[14]
- Bay Area Book Reviewers Association, Fred Cody Lifetime Achievement Award, 2002.[12]
- Asia Pacific Council, Lifetime Achievement Award, 2002.
- Society of American Historians (SAH), 1995.[15]
- Cornell University, Messenger Lecturer, 1993.[15]
Bibliography
- Takaki, Ronald T. (1971). A Pro-slavery Crusade: The Agitation to Reopen the African Slave Trade. New York: Free Press. ISBN 978-0-02-932430-1. OCLC 135218.
- Takaki, Ronald (1984). Pau Hana: Plantation Life and Labor in Hawaii, 1835-1920. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-0956-0. OCLC 13847902.
- Takaki, Ronald T. (1993) [1972]. Violence in the Black Imagination: Essays and Documents (Expanded ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-508249-4. OCLC 26858128.
- Takaki, Ronald (1994) [1987]. From Different Shores: Perspectives on Race and Ethnicity in America (Expanded ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-508368-2. OCLC 28332474.
- Takaki, Ronald; Steoff, Rebecca (1994). Issei and Nisei: The Settling of Japanese America. New York: Facts On File. ISBN 978-0-7910-2179-8. OCLC 28675449.
- Takaki, Ronald (1994). From the Land of Morning Calm: The Koreans in America. New York: Chelsea House. ISBN 978-0-7910-2181-1. OCLC 29478707.
- Takaki, Ronald (1994). Ethnic Islands: The Emergence of Urban Chinese America. New York: Chelsea House. ISBN 978-0-7910-2180-4. OCLC 28965757.
- Takaki, Ronald (1995). India in the West: South Asians in America. New York: Chelsea House. ISBN 978-0-7910-2186-6. OCLC 30360857.
- Takaki, Ronald (1995). Hiroshima: Why America Dropped the Atomic Bomb. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. ISBN 978-0-316-83124-6. OCLC 35272716.
- Solnit, Rebecca; Takaki, Ronald (1995). Tracing Cultures. San Francisco: Friends of Photography. ISBN 0-933286-69-4.
- Takaki, Ronald (1998) [1989]. Strangers from a Different Shore: A History of Asian Americans (Revised and updated ed.). New York: Back Bay Books. ISBN 978-0-316-83130-7. OCLC 80125499.
- Takaki, Ronald (2000) [1979]. Iron Cages: Race and Culture in Nineteenth-Century America (Revised ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-513737-8. OCLC 638854790.
- Takaki, Ronald (2001). Double Victory: A Multicultural History of America in World War II. Boston: Back Bay Books. ISBN 978-0-316-83156-7. OCLC 47828820.
- Takaki, Ronald (2002). Debating Diversity: Clashing Perspectives on Race and Ethnicity in America. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-514651-6. OCLC 48013647.
- Takaki, Ronald (2008) [1993]. A Different Mirror: A History of Multicultural America (Revised ed.). Boston: Little, Brown and Company. ISBN 978-0-316-02236-1. OCLC 243768090.
See also
- A Different Mirror: A History of Multicultural America
References
- 1234Aguirre, Adalberto. (2003). Racial and Ethnic Diversity in America: A Reference Handbook, p. 125.
- 1234Anwar, Yasmin (May 28, 2009). "Ronald Takaki, pioneer and legend in ethnic studies, dies at age 70". UC Berkeley. Archived from the original on May 30, 2009. Retrieved July 21, 2021.
- 12Ravitz, Jessica (June 3, 2009), "How '10-toes Takaki' changed U.S. history", CNN, archived from the original on June 3, 2009, retrieved July 23, 2021
- ↑Takaki 1998, pp. 173–174, 489.
- 1234Woo, Elaine (May 29, 2009), "Ronald T. Takaki dies at 70; pioneer in the field of ethnic studies", The Los Angeles Times, archived from the original on June 11, 2009, retrieved July 21, 2021
- ↑Takaki 1998, pp. 36, 504.
- ↑Takaki, Ronald (May 22, 2006). "A Different Mirror: 2006 Whitman College Commencement Address". www whitman.edu. Whitman College. Retrieved February 10, 2015.
- 123"In Depth with Ronald Takaki". C-SPAN. February 28, 2009. Retrieved April 23, 2015.
- ↑University of Richmond: Takaki bio notes.Archived 2010-06-09 at the Wayback Machine
- 12Takaki, Carol Rankin (July 22, 2009). "Ronald Takaki - a Multicultural Life". AsianWeek. Archived from the original on January 31, 2011. Retrieved July 21, 2021.
- ↑"America in a Different Mirror with Ronald Takaki". youtube.com. November 17, 2004. Archived from the original on December 22, 2021. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
- 12Hyman, Carol. "UC Berkeley Professor Ronald Takaki wins Fred Cody Award for lifetime literary achievement, service to community." UC Berkeley Press Release. November 18, 2002.
- ↑Lee, Lela (September 8, 2024). "How the Angry Little Asian Girl Almost Didn't Exist". YouTube.
- ↑AAAS, Book award, Hawaii, 2009: Lifetime Achievement Award
- 12Quintero, Fernando. "Telling the Untold Stories: Ronald Takaki's 'Re-visioning' of History Turns Anglo-Centric Views Inside Out," UC Berkeley Press Release. May 24, 1995.
External links
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