Zhang Lan

Zhang Lan (simplified Chinese:张澜; traditional Chinese:張瀾; pinyin:Zhāng Lán; April 2, 1872 – February 1955), courtesy nameBiaofang (表方), was a Chinese political activist best known for being the chairman of the China Democratic League from its founding in 1941 until his death in 1955.

Zhang was born into a scholarly family in Nanchong, Sichuan on April 2, 1872.^[1] Witnessing the turmoil at the end of the Qing dynasty, Zhang was attracted to the reformist views of Liang Qichao, and he joined the group advocating constitutional monarchy for China. In 1911, Zhang was vice-chairman of the committee of shareholders that opposed the planned nationalization of the projected Sichuan-Hankou railroad. The protests against the plan swelled into an uprising that was easily quelled by authorities.^[2]

Zhang remained a political leader in Sichuan province. In 1916, he organized a small force to act against Yuan Shikai, but Yuan died before the troops saw any action. Zhang served briefly in 1920 as governor of Sichuan province. In the following years, however, Zhang focused primarily on education. He served as president of Chengdu Normal College for two years before becoming president of Chengdu University in 1928. In 1938, in order to develop education in his hometown, he founded the private Jianhua Middle School, which later merged with Jialing High School in 1950 to form the Northern Sichuan Public Nanchong High School, which is the predecessor of Nanchong Senior High School.^[3] 1938，After the Second Sino-Japanese War began in 1937, Zhang was appointed a member of the National Political Assembly. Although he rarely participated in the body's deliberations, he was respected for his speeches criticizing the Nationalist government.^[2]

When a number of opposition groups joined to form the League of Chinese Democratic Political Groups in 1941, Zhang was elected chairman. As a non-partisan figure, he calmed disagreements between the various constituent groups of the League. He retained this position after the League's reorganization into the China Democratic League in 1944, and until his death in 1955.^[2]

حُظرت الرابطة الديمقراطية الصينية عام ١٩٤٧، وبعدها وُضع تشانغ رهن الإقامة الجبرية في شنغهاي . وفي ربيع عام ١٩٤٩، تمكن من الفرار بمساعدة عملاء الحزب الشيوعي الصيني ، وسافر إلى بكين للمساهمة في تشكيل الحكومة الجديدة. ترأس تشانغ وفد الرابطة الديمقراطية الصينية إلى المؤتمر الاستشاري السياسي للشعب الصيني الأول في سبتمبر ١٩٤٩، وانتُخب نائبًا لرئيس الحكومة الشعبية المركزية بعد تأسيس جمهورية الصين الشعبية في الأول من أكتوبر. شغل تشانغ هذا المنصب حتى عام ١٩٥٤، حين أُعيد تنظيم الحكومة لتقتصر على نائب رئيس واحد، فعُيّن حينها نائبًا لرئيس اللجنة الدائمة للمجلس الوطني لنواب الشعب . توفي تشانغ بمرض تصلب الشرايين في ٩ فبراير ١٩٥٥ عن عمر ناهز ٨٤ عامًا. وقد خلّف وراءه زوجته، ليو هوي تشنغ. ^{[ ٢ ]}

الوسائط المتعلقة بـ Zhang Lan على ويكيميديا ​​كومنز