Appropriation (law)

In law and government, appropriation (from Latinappropriare, "to make one's own", later "to set aside") is the act of setting apart something for its application to a particular usage, to the exclusion of all other uses.

It typically refers to the legislative designation of money for particular uses, in the context of a budget or spending bill.

In ecclesiastical law, appropriation is the perpetual annexation of an ecclesiastical benefice to the use of some spiritual corporation, either aggregate or sole. In the Middle Ages in England the custom grew up of the monasteries reserving to their own use the greater part of the tithes of their appropriated benefices, leaving only a small portion to their vicars in the parishes. On the dissolution of the monasteries the rights to collect "great tithes" were often sold off, along with former monastic lands, to laymen; whose successors, known as "lay impropriators" or "lay rectors," still hold them, the system being known as impropriation.^[1]

In the law of debtor and creditor, appropriation of payments is the application of a particular payment for the purpose of paying a particular debt. When a creditor has two debts due to him from the same debtor on distinct accounts, the general law as to the appropriation of payments made by the debtor is that the debtor is entitled to apply the payments to such account as he thinks fit; solvitur in modum solventis. In default of appropriation by the debtor the creditor is entitled to determine the application of the sums paid, and may appropriate them even to the discharge of debts barred by the Statute of Limitations. In default of appropriation by either debtor or creditor, the law implies an appropriation of the earlier payments to the earlier debts.^[1]

In constitutional law, appropriation is the assignment of money for a special purpose.^[1]

In the United Kingdom an appropriation act appropriating various sums to government departments and quangos, as set out by the government.

في إنجلترا وويلز ، يعرّف قانون السرقة لعام 1968 القسم 3 (1) الاستيلاء بأنه "أي افتراض من قبل شخص ما لحقوق المالك".

سلطة التعاقد هي شكل من أشكال سلطة الميزانية التي تسمح بتوقيع الالتزامات قبل تخصيص الاعتمادات.

• قانون الاعتمادات الشاملة لعام 2009
• مشروع قانون الإنفاق الشامل
• مشروع قانون الاعتمادات (الولايات المتحدة)