Haqiqat Rai

📅 آخر تحديث: ٤ أغسطس ٢٠٢٦
✍️ نُشر في: ٤ أغسطس ٢٠٢٦
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الموسوعة الحرة

Haqiqat Rai (1720–1734) was an 18th-century boy from Sialkot, who was executed in Lahore during the time of Zakariya Khan.[1][2][3]

Accounts

Haqiqat Rai di Var

According to Akkra's ballad, Haqiqat Rai was born into a HinduKhatri family of Sialkot; his father was Baghmal.[4] Some of his Muslim classmates had ridiculed Hindu deities to which a fifteen-year old Haqiqat retorted by insulting Islam — this was reported to the Maulvi.[4][5]

A case was accordingly filed before the qazi, who asked him to choose between converting to Islam or being put to death.[4] Despite persuasions, Haqiqat refused and was beheaded in Lahore during Zakariya Khan's governorship.[4][6]

Char Bagh-i Punjab

Ganesh Das (in Char Bagh-iPunjab) agrees with Akkra about Haqiqat's antecedents.[7] But specifics concerning the rest of narrative vary.[7]

He accuses a mullah of having cried wolf about blasphemy, after his son was defeated by an intellectually superior Haqiqat on a religion-themed discussion.[7] Irate Muslim inhabitants of the city refused to accept apology of their Hindu brethren (including Haqiqat's parents) in the town and insisted that he either convert or be put to death.[7] On no easy resolution, the mullah bribed city officials and approached the office of Governor Zakariya Khan at Lahore.[7]

Portrayed as a man of liberal demeanor, Khan had outright rejected the charges as fabricated upon cross-examination of witnesses despite the mullah bringing a large crowd of supporters, in anticipation.[7] However, he was held to ransom by the conservatives — ulema, qazi, and Mufti — who supported the mullah and opposed the interference of an administrative official in religious matters.[7] Khan conceded to their demands and suggested that Haqiqat convert to Islam in lieu of mansabdaari status and other privileges.[7]

بعد رفض حقيقت الفوري لهذا العرض، أصدر المفتي حكمًا بالإعدام، لكن تم تأجيله ليوم واحد بناءً على رغبة والده في إقناعه بقبول اقتراح خان. [ 7 ] مع ذلك، ظل حقيقت ثابتًا على موقفه، وأسهب في الحديث عن فضائل الهندوسية ومساوئ الإسلام؛ وفي اليوم التالي، أمر خان بتسليمه إلى رجال الدين في المحكمة علنًا. [ 7 ] تم تثبيته في التراب حتى خصره، ورُجم بالحجارة، حتى قام جندي بقطع رأسه من شدة تقواه؛ وظل الرأس المقطوع يردد اسم رام . [ 7 ] تم حرق جثمان حقيقت - وفقًا للطقوس الهندوسية - في حديقة ديوان كريبا رام تشوبرا، وأُقيم ضريح له، أصبح مكانًا للتبجيل لدى الهندوس المحليين. [ 7 ]

براشين بانث براكاش

زعم راتان سينغ بهانجو أن زكريا خان اعتبر حقيقة راي خطأً من السيخ - خلال فترة حكم اتسمت بعداء شديد ضد الخالصة - وبالتالي قُتل في عام 1734 ميلادي

إرث

مقالة كاملة الصفحة تصور الهندوس الذين كانوا ضحايا "العنف الإسلامي"، مع وجود حقيقة راي في المنتصف، نُشرت في صحيفة ديلي ميلاب (3 فبراير 1930).

وقد ادعى الهندوس وكذلك السيخ إرث حقيقة. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] في عام 1782/84، كتب شاعر سيخي يُدعى أجرا (المعروف أيضًا باسم أجرا أو أجار سينغ) أغنية بنجابية فار (أغنية) بعنوان "حقيقة راي دي فار" يعتنقه باعتباره شهيدًا هندوسيًا. [ 4 ] [ 6 ] كان المهراجا رانجيت سينغ يقدس بشكل خاص حقيقة راي باعتباره شهيدًا للسيخ. [ 3 ]

في العقد الأول من القرن العشرين (1905-1910)، روّج ثلاثة كتّاب بنغاليين لأسطورة استشهاد حقيقة راي من خلال مقالاتهم. وتختلف الروايات الثلاث اختلافًا كبيرًا. [ 5 ] نظّمت جمعية آريا ساماج مسرحية بعنوان "دارمافير حقيقة راي" ، تدعو إلى الولاء العميق للهندوسية. كما طبعت نسخًا من الأسطورة، ووزّعتها مجانًا أو بسعر رمزي قدره 2 بيسة . [ 10 ]

Before the partition of India in 1947, Hindus and Sikhs used to gather at his samadhi in Lahore, during the Basant Panchami Festival.[11] His samadhi in Sialkot was also a place of worship.[12] In 2004, Nawa-i-Waqt, a Pakistani daily opposed Basant Panchami celebrations in Pakistan, arguing that the festival celebrated Haqiqat Rai's insult of Muhammad.[13]

Another samadhi dedicated to Haqiqat Rai is located in Boeli of Baba Bhandari (Hoshiarpur district), where people gather and pay obeisance to Haqiqat Rai during Basant Panchami.[14] In Gurdaspur district, a shrine dedicated to him is located at Batala.[15] The town also has a samadhi dedicated to Sati Lakshmi Devi, said to be the wife of Haqiqat Rai.[16]

Many cities in India have localities named after Haqiqat Rai, mostly the ones where the partition refugees settled; for example, Haqiqat Nagar in Delhi. An ISBT located in Sarai Kale Khan in Delhi, India is also named after him.

Sikhs today still view him as a Sikh martyr and his story is told while casting him as a Sikh in their tellings of it.[17]

References

  1. ↑Malhotra, Anshu; Mir, Farina (2012). Punjab Reconsidered: History, Culture, and Practice. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199088775. At one level this story is about the inexorable distance between the Hindus and the Muslims—Haqiqat Rai is evidently a martyr to the Hindu cause (refusal to convert), when Muslims exercise political power.
  2. ↑Gooptu, Nandini (2001). The Politics of the Urban Poor in Early Twentieth-Century India. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521443661. Plays about Hindu martyrs such as Dharmveer Haqiqat Rai or Maharani Padmini advocated deep loyalty to Hinduism and the need to fight for one's faith.
  3. 12W. H. McLeod (24 July 2009). The A to Z of Sikhism. Scarecrow Press. p. 87. ISBN 978-0-8108-6344-6.
  4. 12345Ishwar Dayal Gaur (2008). Martyr as Bridegroom: A Folk Representation of Bhagat Singh. Anthem Press. pp. 45–. ISBN 978-81-905835-0-3.
  5. 12Himadri Banerjee (2003). The other Sikhs: a view from eastern India. Manohar. pp. 185–186. ISBN 978-81-7304-495-3.
  6. 12Reeta Grewal; Sheena Pall; Indu Banga (2005). Precolonial and colonial Punjab: society, economy, politics, and culture : essays for Indu Banga. Manohar. p. 176. ISBN 978-81-7304-654-4.
  7. 123456789101112Grewal, J. S.; Banga, Indu (2015). Early Nineteenth-Century Panjab. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781317336945.
  8. ↑Moliner, Christine (2011). "The Boa and its Petty Enemy: Contemporary Relationships between Hindu Nationalists and the Sikhs". In Berti, Daniela; Jaoul, Nicolas; Kanungo, Pralay (eds.). Cultural Entrenchment of Hindutva: Local Mediations and Forms of Convergence. London: Routledge India. pp. 318–319. ISBN 978-0-367-81806-7.
  9. ↑Nirankari, Maan Singh (2008). Sikhism, a Perspective. Edited by Neelam Man Singh Chowdhry. Chandigarh: Unistar Books. p. 154. ISBN 978-81-7142-621-8. OCLC 289070938. 6. Hakikat Rai: He was born at Sialkot in 1781 B.S. or 1724 C.E. in a Kshtriya household of Bhagh Mal and his wife Kauran. He was married to Durga Devi daughter of a Sehajdhari Sikh Kishan Chand of Batala. He entered the Sikh faith through the inspiration of Bhai Budh Singh from Batala. When the Muslim ruler asked him to convert to Islam, he refused to obey his orders. As a result, this young boy was slaughtered under the orders of Khan Zakariya Khan, the Nawab of Lahore in 1741. A fair used to be organized on the day of Basant Panchmi in his memory at Lahore in the pre-partition days.
  10. ↑Nandini Gooptu (5 July 2001). The Politics of the Urban Poor in Early Twentieth-Century India. Cambridge University Press. pp. 223–. ISBN 978-0-521-44366-1.
  11. ↑Pran Nevile (2006). Lahore : A Sentimental Journey. Penguin Books India. pp. 23–. ISBN 978-0-14-306197-7.
  12. ↑Pritam Singh and Shinder Thandi, ed. (1996). Globalisation and the region: explorations in Punjabi identity. Association for Punjab Studies (UK). p. 49. ISBN 978-1-874699-05-7.
  13. ↑"EDITORIAL: Can't we have a nice time?". Daily Times. 2004-02-16. Archived from the original on 2014-11-03.
  14. ↑ "الاحتفال بـ"باسانت بانشامي" بالطريقة التقليدية" . صحيفة ذا تريبيون . 21 يناير 2010.
  15. ↑ جورداسبور: أماكن سياحية
  16. ↑ الهند. مدير عمليات التعداد، البنجاب (1996). تعداد الهند، 1991: البنجاب . مراقب المنشورات. ص 17. 
  17. ↑ خوخار، كولوانت سينغ. "كاكا حكايكات راي" . جمعية السيخ التبشيرية . المملكة المتحدة . تم الاسترجاع 22 فبراير 2026 .