مواغ

شاحنة نقل الإشارات العسكرية من طراز موواغ (شاحنة راديو) من عام 1957.

مواغ شركة سويسرية تأسست عام 1950، وتُعنى بتطوير وتصميم وإنتاج مركبات قتالية مدرعة للاستخدامات العسكرية ، سواءً البرية أو البرمائية . تتراوح أوزان هذه المركبات الإجمالية بين 9 و30 طنًا . ومنذ عام 2003، أصبحت الشركة تابعة لشركة جنرال دايناميكس ، وتُعرف الآن باسم GDELS-Mowag ، وهي جزء من قسم أنظمة جنرال دايناميكس الأوروبية للأراضي (GDELS). [ 1 ]

تاريخ

مواغ دوميتانك
Mowag Furgeon PTT
سيارة إطفاء مواغ
مواغ 3M1 'Pirat 18

تأسست شركة Mowag GmbH، التي كانت تُعرف سابقًا باسم Mowag Motorwagenfabrik AG (وتعني "مصنع السيارات")، في عام 1950 كشركة خاصة على يد المهندس والتر روف. وعلى مدار الخمسين عامًا الماضية، ركزت Mowag على تطوير وإنتاج المركبات المتخصصة.

تمثل نجاحها الأولي في تطوير وإنتاج أكثر من 1600 ناقلة جنود، من طراز Mowag T1 4×4، لصالح الجيش السويسري . وتلت ذلك عقود مع ألمانيا، حيث تم إنتاج 750 مركبة مدرعة ذات عجلات من طراز Mowag MR 8 لصالح حرس الحدود الفيدرالي الألماني ( Bundesgrenzschutz )، والتي استخدمتها إسبانيا لاحقًا، وتم تصنيعها بموجب ترخيص في ألمانيا. كما تم تطوير وتصنيع سلاسل أخرى من المركبات ذات العجلات والجنزير عالية الأداء للأسواق العالمية.

قامت شركة مواغ بتصنيع أنواع عديدة من المركبات، مثل سيارات الإسعاف، وشاحنات الإطفاء (مثل مواغ W300) ، ودبابات التدريب، والمركبات الكهربائية، والدراجات البخارية، والدبابات المجنزرة. وفي القطاع المدني، برزت مواغ بشكل خاص في مجال تصنيع مركبات الإطفاء، حيث تم بناء أجيال عديدة من مركبات الطوارئ على شاحنات دودج . واستندت العديد من الطرازات إلى شاحنات إطفاء مصممة في المصنع. وفي ألمانيا، اشتهرت مواغ بتطوير سيارة مدرعة رباعية الدفع، تم تصنيعها بموجب ترخيص من شركتي تيسن وبوسينغ/هينشل.

في عام 1963، بدأت شركة موواغ بتصنيع مركبات لحرس الحدود الفيدرالي (Bundesgrenzschutz = BGS)، واستمر إنتاجها لعقود. ومنذ بداية الستينيات وحتى نهايتها، قامت موواغ بتصنيع مركبات عسكرية وشاحنات مدنية. ومن بينها الشاحنات الثقيلة، موواغ M5-16F، ذات الأربعة مقاعد، وكابينة قيادة أمامية، ووزن إجمالي يبلغ 16 طنًا، وخطاف سحب لمقطورة ذات محورين، ومحرك بقوة 149  كيلوواط مثبت أسفل أرضية الشاحنة. وقد تم تركيب المحرك أسفل صندوق الشاحنة بين المحورين الأمامي والخلفي، مما أتاح تصميمًا مدمجًا ومركز ثقل منخفض في منتصف المركبة. [ 2 ]

In 1950, Mowag produced 214 local official cars for the Swiss Post, the chassis of this small compact vehicle had sliding doors on each side. The truck for Swiss Post (PTT) Mowag Einsatzfourgon of which 556 units were built from 1953 to 1988, had also an underfloor engine. The Furgeon were initially fitted with a V8 petrol engine, which was originally developed for a Mowag tank. Later, diesel engines were installed. The yellow and silver vans had a door in the front of the vehicle on the passenger side, which made it possible to exit from the front if the trucks were parked very close together. On the driver's side was a conventional door. It was possible to get from the cabin into the cargo hold. Taking advantage of this fact, some people rebuilt the decommissioned Furgeons into campers. The Furgeons were equipped with a trailer hitch for 4 wheel trailers. Mowag had developed a replacement vehicle for the Furgeon, but it remained only a pre-series of 22[3] Trucks, all used by the Swiss Post, as the Swiss Post bought foreign mass-produced series of vehicles.

Besides regular trucks, Mowag has built several generations of long iron transport trucks. A 8×4-driven four-axle truck with an M8TK diesel engine with eight cylinders, 10.8 litres and 373 kW and Allison automatic five-speed transmission, these are characterised by a very narrow central cab, with two seats. They were able to carry the load on the entire length of the vehicle using the space on the left and right side of the driver's cabin. The drivers compartment had a front entering door.

Between 1965 and 1975, Mowag built 170 electric trollies for the Swiss Post. In the 1980s, the products range had been increased by the development and construction of three-wheel and four-wheel electric vehicles. The hospitals, airports, municipalities, industrial companies and the post office came for a variety of their transportation tasks. Many more prototypes of electric cars were built, but none of these vehicles made it to market. For the Mirage IIIS and RS fighter aircraft of the Swiss Air Force, Mowag and AEG worked together and built the aircraft tractor Mowag-AEG. In the 1980s, Mowag built vibratory rollers for road construction. Handheld double vibratory rollers were from 900 kg to 1,300 kg, tandem Vibratory rollers from 2,000 kg to 3,000 kg and 4 "wheeled" rollers from 4.5t to 18t. For several decades Mowag was the sole importer to Switzerland of the Dodge Ram Wagon, these were converted to four-wheel drive fire brigade vehicles, and occasionally police vehicles and ambulances. They were all given the Mowag Insignia on the front. Private individuals were not allowed to purchase new vehicles, however Mowag did sell spare parts to privately owned Dodge Ram Wagons.

Lately, Mowag has been specializing in armoured vehicles for military use, because it is financially more attractive. The main product today is the Piranha. In addition, other armored vehicles are being produced based on the American HMMWV/Mowag Eagle, and the Duro. These vehicles comes from the acquired business of Bucher-Guyer. Also Mowag is responsible for spare parts for the Bucher FS 10 Flugzeugschlepper 78/aircraft tugs who are in use by the Swiss Air Force, Pilatus Aircraft and JuAir.[4]

21st century

In 1999 Mowag was acquired by General Motors of Canada[5] and since January 2004, Mowag has been a company within the General Dynamics European Land Systems group.

In 2012, it employed 900 highly skilled personnel at the facility and announced to cut 270 jobs.[6] After the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Mowag was already in contact with Germany regarding orders in May 2022,[7] and in the summer of 2023 advertising job openings in administration, engineering and production. In print ads it used the motto: "swiss made- Kompetenz für Schutz und Sicherheit".[8]

At present it employs around 750 highly skilled personnel at the facility in Kreuzlingen, Switzerland. Mowag continues to operate as a Swiss company, and is organised and incorporated under Swiss law. General Dynamics European Land Systems is part of General Dynamics Corporation (GD). Since 1 April 2010, the company is known as General Dynamics European Land Systems – Mowag GmbH.[1]

Current products

Mowag Piranha

Piranhas are available in 4×4, 6×6, 8×8, and 10×10 wheel versions. There are several variants within these versions, giving different degrees of armour protection and several kinds of turret, for use in a variety of roles. Piranha derivatives have been assigned roles as troop transports, command vehicles, fire support vehicles, tank trainers, and police vehicles.

Piranhas are used by the Swiss Army. Swiss-built Piranha derivatives have been exported to Sweden, Denmark, Ireland, Romania, Spain, and Belgium. The Romanian and Belgian Armies have selected the Piranha IIIC 8×8. Belgium converted to an all-wheeled force, and replaced all their M113s, AIFVs and Leopard 1s with 268 Piranha IIIC in 7 variants

Mowag Eagle

Mowag Eagle

The Mowag Eagle is a lightly-armoured, light tactical vehicle, similar to the American HMMWV. It is designed to fulfill roles such as command, reconnaissance, logistics, and military police. It can have seating for up to six soldiers while still retaining an in-depth communications system and equipment to fit mission requirements. A total of 365 Eagle 4×4 reconnaissance vehicles and 120 Eagle 4×4 artillery forward observation vehicles have been built in the past eight years and are in service with the Swiss and Danish Forces.

The newly developed Eagle IV, based on the DURO, is suitable for reconnaissance, communications and observation, as well as for UN missions and border patrol. The Mowag development on the basis of the proven DURO chassis is distinguished through a very high payload versus a low gross vehicle weight (GVW), with a high ballistic and mine protection level as well as exceptional mobility both on and off-road. Due to the commonality with the DURO family of vehicles, the maintenance and training costs can be kept low in a fleet mission.

A new version of the Eagle was launched by General Dynamics European Land Systems - Mowag GmbH at EUROSATORY 2010 on 14 June 2010.[9]

Mowag DURO

Mowag DURO Swiss Army

The Mowag DURO is a highly mobile, off-road tactical transport vehicle based on the DURO family of vehicles. DURO stands for DUrable and RObust. Initially developed for Switzerland by Bucher-Guyer AG in Niederweningen, Switzerland, who started production of all-wheel-drive trucks in 1976.

An initial 3,000 vehicles order for the Swiss Armed Forces came through in 1994. Over 4,000 DURO 4×4 and 6×6 vehicles are now in service worldwide. The main customers are Switzerland, Germany, Venezuela, Great Britain, and Malaysia. In addition to these, the vehicle is used in many other countries for special purposes. The latest versions are the DURO II and DURO III. Germany has ordered the DURO IIIP 6×6 ballistic and mine protected version.

The YAK is an armoured and mine-protected transport vehicle produced by the German company Rheinmetall Landsysteme AG based on the DURO IIIP chassis. The German Army uses the YAK for its military police, EOD teams, and as an armoured ambulance.

Mowag MERLIN

A new airborne 4×4 light tactical military vehicle designed to compete against companies like Defenture.[10]

Former products

Mowag Tornado 2

From the beginning Mowag produced both armoured and unarmoured vehicles, to include motorcycles and fire appliances.

مراجع

  1. 1 2 "GDELS Sites Heritage" مؤرشف في 2011-09-04 في Wayback Machine ، "GENERAL DYNAMICS - European Land Systems"، تم الوصول إليه في 1 سبتمبر 2011.
  2. متحف الجيش السويسري الكامل.
  3. ^ رودي باومان: "Alles" كانت قبعة MOWAG schon bewegt – Auf Umwegen zum Welterfolg. سويس موتو. بيلدبريس زيورخ BPZ
  4. باور 1996 .
  5. ^ "Le suisse Mowag passe aux mains du géant americain General Motors" . لو تيمبس (بالفرنسية). 13/08/1999 . تم الاسترجاع بتاريخ 28-01-2026 .
  6. ^ "GDELS-Mowag im thurgauischen Kreuzlingen baut 270 Stellen ab" . المعلومات السويسرية (باللغة الألمانية). 2012-06-18 . تم الاسترجاع بتاريخ 2023-09-24 .
  7. كومر)، (Übertragung aus dem Französischen: كريستوف (2022-05-04). "Wie die Schweiz vom Kriegprofitiert" (باللغة الألمانية) . تم استرجاعه في 2023-09-24 .
  8. "Jobangebote General Dynamics European Land System" . General Dynamics European Land System .
  9. "مركبة ميرلين التكتيكية الخفيفة الجديدة رباعية الدفع" . جنرال دايناميكس لأنظمة الأراضي الأوروبية . 13 يونيو 2022. تم الاطلاع عليه في 1 يناير 2024 .
  10. فوس 1987 ، ص 375.
  11. فوس 1987 ، ص 376-377.
  12. فوس 1987 ، ص 377-378.
  13. فوس 1987 ، ص 215-216.
  14. فوس 1987 ، ص 216-217.
  15. فوس 1987 ، ص 371-372.
  16. ^ "السنة السياسية السويسرية 1993 - Landesverteidigung" . aneepolitique.swiss . تم الاسترجاع بتاريخ 2024-01-01 .

فهرس