Warden (college)

The only degree-awarding institutions to have used the title for the head of the institution are Durham University and Goldsmiths, University of London. The head of Durham University was titled the warden until 1909, while the head of the Durham division of the federal university, who held the vice-chancellorship in rotation with the rector of King's College (the Newcastle division of the university), was titled the warden of the Durham colleges from 1937 to 1963. Since 1963, the head of the university has held the title of vice-chancellor and warden.^[2] The title of warden was used by the head of Goldsmiths until 2024, when the title was changed to vice-chancellor after the institution gained university status in its own right.^[3]

In collegiate universities, the title has mainly been used for heads of college at the University of Oxford. The only college to use the title at the University of Cambridge is Robinson College.^[4] None of the colleges at Durham University use the title for their head of college but the title is used by the head of Cranmer Hall, a theological college that forms part of St John's College, Durham.^[5] Colleges that use the title of warden at the University of Oxford are:

• All Souls College^[6]
• Keble College^[7]
• Merton College^[8]
• New College^[9]
• Nuffield College^[10]
• St Antony's College^[11]
• Wadham College^[12]

The title is also used at Oxford by Rhodes House^[13] and was used in two defunct colleges that closed at the time of the reformation, Canterbury College^[14] and Durham College,^[15] and by Greyfriars permanent private hall, which closed in 2008.^[16] It has also been used as the title of the heads of fictional Oxford colleges: Shrewsbury College in Dorothy L. Sayers's Gaudy Night, St Severin's College in Jill Paton Walsh's The Late Scholar and Judas College in Max Beerbohm's Zuleika Dobson.

The University of Bristol and the University of Manchester had wardens in at least some of their halls of residence until the 2010s. Bristol had 12 wardens in its halls of residence when they were abolished in 2017.^[17] Halls at Manchester that had wardens included Ashburne Hall,^[18]St Anselm Hall (to 2018)^[19] and Hulme Hall.^[20]

The title of warden has also been used for the heads of Church of England theological colleges. These have included St Augustine's College, Canterbury, (defunct),^[21] the theological department of Queen's College, Birmingham (now The Queen's Foundation, but no longer using the title),^[22]Lincoln Theological College (defunct)^[23] and Rochester Theological College (defunct).^[24] The only theological college where the title remains in use is Cranmer Hall, Durham.^[5]

استُخدم هذا اللقب أيضًا في عدد قليل من المدارس الخاصة، إما لرئيس المجلس، كما هو الحال في كلية وينشستر ، ^{[ 25 ]} أو لمدير المدرسة ، كما هو الحال في مدرسة فورست، والتامستو ، ^{[ 26 ]} وكلية رادلي ، ^{[ 27 ]} ومدرسة سانت إدوارد، أكسفورد . ^{[ 28 ]} في عام 2022، تنحى ريتشارد تاونيند، نجل المؤسس المقدم ستيوارت تاونيند ، عن منصبه كمدير لمدرسة هيل هاوس الدولية الابتدائية لإفساح المجال لابنه الأصغر إدموند؛ وعُيّن إدموند قيّمًا على المدرسة. ^{[ 29 ]}