يوان تي لي

يوان تسيه لي ( بالصينية :李遠哲؛ بينيين : Lǐ Yuǎnzhé ؛ ويد-جايلز : Li³ Yüan³-che² ؛ بيه-أو-جي : Lí Oán-tiat ؛ ولد في 19 نوفمبر 1936) هو كيميائي فيزيائي تايواني حصل على جائزة نوبل في الكيمياء عام 1986 لمساهماته في تطوير ديناميكيات التفاعل .

لي أستاذ فخري في جامعة كاليفورنيا، بيركلي ، ومدير فخري لمعهد الدراسات المتقدمة بجامعة ناغويا بالاشتراك مع ريوجي نويوري . ^{[ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ]} حاز على جائزة نوبل مع جون سي. بولاني ودادلي آر. هيرشباخ لإسهاماتهم في ديناميكيات العمليات الكيميائية الأولية. ^{[ 3 ] [ 5 ]} كان أول تايواني يحصل على جائزة نوبل. انصبّ بحثه في الكيمياء الفيزيائية على استخدام تقنيات الحركية الكيميائية المتقدمة لدراسة سلوك التفاعلات الكيميائية والتحكم فيه باستخدام الحزم الجزيئية المتقاطعة . ^{[ 3 ] [ 5 ]} شغل لي منصب رئيس أكاديمية سينيكا من عام 1994 إلى عام 2006. ^{[ 4 ]} في عام 2011 ، انتُخب رئيسًا للمجلس الدولي للعلوم . ^{[ 4 ]}

وُلد لي في شمال تايوان، في شينتشيكو ( هسينتشو حاليًا )، في 19 نوفمبر 1936. كان والده، لي تسي فان (李澤藩)، فنانًا، وكانت والدته، تساي باي (蔡配؛ Cài Péi )، مُعلمة في مدرسة ابتدائية من بلدة غوسيكو (梧棲港街) في محافظة تايتشو ( ووتشي حاليًا ، تايتشونغ ). ^{[ 1 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ]} يقع منزل أجدادهم في نانآن ، فوجيان . ^{[ 6 ]}

لعب لي في فريقي البيسبول وتنس الطاولة في مدرسة هسينتشو الابتدائية، ثم درس في مدرسة هسينتشو الثانوية ، حيث مارس التنس وعزف على الترومبون والناي . أُعفي من امتحان القبول وقُبل مباشرةً في جامعة تايوان الوطنية ، وحصل على بكالوريوس العلوم عام ١٩٥٩. ^{[ ١ ] [ ٣ ]} ثم حصل على ماجستير العلوم من جامعة تسينغ هوا الوطنية عام ١٩٦١، ودكتوراه الفلسفة من جامعة كاليفورنيا، بيركلي ، عام ١٩٦٥ تحت إشراف بروس هـ. ماهان . ^{[ ١ ] [ ٣ ]} وكان عضوًا في المجلس الدولي للكيمياء من عام ١٩٧٧ إلى عام ١٩٨٤. ^{[ ٤ ]}

During his tenure, Lee has worked to create new research institutes, advance scientific research within Taiwan, and to recruit and cultivate top scholars for the Academia Sinica.

In 2010, Lee said that global warming would be much more serious than scientists previously thought, and that Taiwanese people needed to cut their per-capita carbon emissions from the current 12 tons per year to just three. This would take more than a few slogans, turning off the lights for one hour, or cutting meat consumption, noting: "We will have to learn to live the simple lives of our ancestors." Without such efforts, he said, "Taiwanese will be unable to survive long into the future".^[10]

Lee was appointed the president of Academia Sinica in 1994 and renounced his U.S. citizenship to take the post.^[11] As president of Academia Sinica he presided over the creation of the Taiwanese history textbook Knowing Taiwan.^[12]

At the request of president Chen Shui-bian, Lee was Taiwan's representative in the 2002 APEC leaders' summit in Mexico. (Presidents of the Republic of China have been barred from joining the APEC summits because of objections from the People's Republic of China.) Lee represented Chen again in the 2003 and 2004 APEC summits in Thailand and Chile, respectively.^[13]

In July 2024, Lee accepted president Lai Ching-te's invitation to serve as a consultant on the newly formed National Climate Change Strategy Committee.^[14]

Lee was then elected President of the International Council for Science in 2008 and started his term in 2011.^[15] He has been involved with the Malta Conferences, an initiative designed to bring together Middle Eastern scientists. As part of the initiative, he offered six fellowships to work on the synchrotron in Taiwan.^[16] He is also a member of International Advisory Council in Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman.^[17]

Lee's father was a painter in Taiwan, and his mother was an elementary school teacher. His elder brother Yuan-Chuan Lee has been a professor at Johns Hopkins University for 40 years and was awarded the honor Special Chair Lectureship in Academia Sinica in Taiwan. His younger brother Yuan-Pern Lee was also awarded this honor. Lee's sister Chi-Mei Lee has served as a professor at National Chung Hsing University.^[18]

In 2003, he was one of 22 Nobel Laureates who signed the Humanist Manifesto.^[19]

In addition to the Nobel Prize, his awards and distinctions include Sloan Fellow (1969); Fellow of American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1975); Fellow Am. Phys. Soc. (1976); Guggenheim Fellow (1977); Member National Academy of Sciences (1979); Member International Academy of Science, Munich, Member Academia Sinica (1980); E.O. Lawrence Award (1981); Miller Professor, Berkeley (1981); Fairchild Distinguished Scholar (1983); Harrison Howe Award (1983); Peter Debye Award (1986); National Medal of Science (1986); Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement (1987) and Faraday Lectureship Prize (1992).^[21] Yuan Tseh Lee was awarded the Othmer Gold Medal in 2008 in recognition of his outstanding contributions to progress in chemistry and science.^[22][23][24] His post-doctoral supervisor and fellow Nobel Laureate Dudley Herschbach congratulated Lee.^[25] In 2019 Yuan T. Lee was also awarded the Fray International Sustainability Award by FLOGEN Star Outreach at SIPS 2019.^[26]

• Lee, Y. T. "Crossed Molecular Beam Studies and Dynamics of Decomposition of Chemically Activated Radicals", University of Chicago, United States Department of Energy (through predecessor agency the Atomic Energy Commission), (September 1973).
• Lee, Y. T. & S. J. Sibener. "Internal Energy Dependence of Molecular Condensation Coefficients Determined from Molecular Beam Surface Scattering Experiments", Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, United States Department of Energy, (May 1978).
• Lee, Y. T., Sibener, S. J. & R. J. Buss. "Development of a Supersonic Atomic Oxygen Nozzle Beam Source for Crossed Beam Scattering Experiments", Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, United States Department of Energy, (May 1978).
• Lee, Y. T., Baseman, R. J., Guozhong, H. & R. J. Buss. "Reaction Mechanism of Oxygen Atoms with Unsaturated Hydrocarbons by the Crossed-Molecular-Beams Method", Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, United States Department of Energy-Office of Basic Energy Science, (April 1982).
• Lee, Y. T. "Molecular-beam Studies of Primary Photochemical Processes", Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, United States Department of Energy, (December 1982).
• Lee, Y. T., Continetti, R. E. & B. A. Balko. "Molecular Beam Studies of Hot Atom Chemical Reactions: Reactive Scattering of Energetic Deuterium Atoms", Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, United States Department of Energy, (February 1989).
• Lee, Y.T., "Energy, Environment, and the Responsibility of Scientists", (2007).

• Media related to Yuan T. Lee at Wikimedia Commons
• Yuan T. Lee on Nobelprize.org
• “Yuan T Lee – Science Video Interview”, Vega Science Trust (Archive)
• “Yuan Lee, Taiwan”, Global Ideas
• “Sustainability of the human society (part1)“, Akademi Sains Malaysia ASM
• “Sustainability of the human society (part2)“, ASM
• “Sustainability of the human society (part3)“, ASM
• “Dynamics of Chemical Reactions and Photochemical Processes (Lecture + Discussion)”, Yuan T. Lee (2010), Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings