الحدود البلغارية التركية

الموسوعة الحرة

الحدود البلغارية التركية ( بالبلغارية : Българо-турска граница ، بالحروف اللاتينية :  Būlgaro-turska granitsa ، بالتركية : Bulgaristan–Türkiye sınırı ) هي حدود دولية بطول 259 كيلومترًا (161 ميلًا) بين جمهورية بلغاريا وجمهورية تركيا . رُسمت هذه الحدود بموجب معاهدة سان ستيفانو عام 1878 كحدود داخلية ضمن الإمبراطورية العثمانية بين ولاية أدرنة وإقليم روميليا الشرقية ذي الحكم الذاتي . وتُحدد الحدود الحالية بموجب معاهدة القسطنطينية (1913) والاتفاقية البلغارية العثمانية (1915) . أُعيد تأكيد هذه الحدود بموجب معاهدة لوزان بعد عشر سنوات، مع العلم أن بلغاريا لم تكن طرفًا في هذه المعاهدة الأخيرة، إذ كانت قد تنازلت سابقًا لليونان عن ذلك الجزء من حدودها مع تركيا، والذي عُدّل بموجب الاتفاقية البلغارية العثمانية.  

الحدود بين بلغاريا وتركيا هي حدود خارجية للاتحاد الأوروبي ومنطقة شنغن .

حاجز الحدود

استجابةً لأزمة الهجرة الأوروبية ، أقامت بلغاريا حاجزاً حدودياً لوقف تدفق المهاجرين غير الشرعيين. وبحلول يونيو/حزيران 2016، تم بناء ما يقرب من 146 كيلومتراً (91 ميلاً) من أصل 166 كيلومتراً (103 أميال) من الحاجز المخطط له. [ 2 ]  

In January 2014, Bulgaria started construction of a 30 km (19 mi) long security fence along its border with Turkey to contain a surge of migrants from the Middle East and North Africa.[3] Standing 10 ft (3.0 m) tall and fortified with razor wire coils, the fence covers the least visible section of the border between the Lesovo border checkpoint and the village of Golyam Dervent. The Bulgarian Army completed the protective barrier in July 2014 at a cost of around €5 million.[4] As a result of the new fence, illegal crossing attempts in the vicinity of the installation have decreased by seven times. Turkey's ambassador to Bulgaria Suleyman Gokce has expressed dissatisfaction with the border barrier adding that it creates discontent and gives reason to "reflect on the political message" that the fence is sending.[5]

At the beginning of 2015, the government announced a 130 km (81 mi) extension to the barbed wire border fence in order to completely secure the land border. Prime Minister Boyko Borisov described the extension as "absolutely necessary," in order to prevent persons from illegally entering the European Union member state.[6] The Bulgarian Parliament has decided to continue construction of the fence at the border with Turkey without launching a public procurement procedure because of the need to safeguard national security.[7] This final section of the fence completely seals off Bulgarian border with Turkey.[8] As of March 2016, nearly 100 kilometres (62 mi) of the 166 kilometres (103 mi) planned barrier were constructed.[9]Since August 2022, one Bulgarian Border Police officer and two Bulgarian police officers have been killed by migrants trying to illegally to cross the border.[10]

Crossings

There are three crossings along the entire border, two for vehicular traffic and one for vehicular and rail traffic. The busiest of three,Kapitan Andreevo - Kapıkule, is among the busiest border checkpoints in the world.[11]

Turkey Turkish checkpointProvinceBulgaria Bulgarian checkpointProvinceOpenedRoute in TurkeyRoute in BulgariaStatus
KapıkuleEdirneKapitan AndreevoHaskovo4 September 1953D.100Pehlivanköy–Svilengrad railwayA4I-8Pehlivanköy–Svilengrad railwayOpen
HamzabeyliEdirneLesovoYambol22 November 2004D.535I-7Open
DereköyKırklareliMalko TarnovoBurgas18 July 1969D.555I-9Open

References

  1. ↑"Border policeman shot dead in Bulgaria at border with Turkey".
  2. ↑Migrant crisis: Bulgaria tightens border with Turkey. June 3, 2016. BBC News.
  3. ↑Lyman, Rick (2015-04-05). "Bulgaria Puts Up a New Wall, but This One Keeps People Out". New York Times. Retrieved April 12, 2015.
  4. ↑"Bulgarian Defense Minister: Border Fence to be Finished in June". 2014-05-14. Retrieved April 12, 2015.
  5. ↑"Turkey's Ambassador to Bulgaria Voices Dissatisfaction with Border Fence". 2015-05-31. Retrieved May 31, 2015.
  6. ↑"Bulgaria to extend fence at Turkish border to bar refugee influx". Reuters. 14 January 2015. Archived from the original on April 12, 2015. Retrieved April 12, 2015.
  7. ↑"Parliament OKs Building of Border Fence Without Public Procurement". Retrieved April 12, 2015.
  8. ↑Caroline Mortimer. Bulgaria builds final part of razor wire fence to keep out refugees. The Independent. 4 August 2015.
  9. ↑"Bulgaria says ready to erect fence on border with Greece". Reuters. 2016-03-25. Archived from the original on March 25, 2016. Retrieved 2017-12-02.
  10. ↑"Bulgarian Border Police Officer Shot Dead Near Border With Turkey". Archived from the original on 2022-12-05. Retrieved 2022-12-18.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  11. ↑Reduce Border Waiting Times!, International Road Transport Union (Geneva, February 2009), accessed 9 June 2021