جورج أوغسطس سالا

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الموسوعة الحرة

كان جورج أوغسطس هنري فيرفيلد سالا (24 نوفمبر 1828 - 8 ديسمبر 1895) كاتبًا وصحفيًا، كتب بغزارة في صحيفة "إلستريتد لندن نيوز" تحت اسم "GAS" ، واشتهر بمقالاته وافتتاحياته في صحيفة "ديلي تلغراف" . أسس مجلته الدورية الخاصة، "سالا جورنال" ، ونادي "سافاج كلوب" . [ 1 ] لم تُحقق الأولى نجاحًا، بينما لا يزال الثاني قائمًا.

حياة

وُلد سالا في 24 نوفمبر 1828 في لندن. كان والده الشرعي أوغسطس جون جيمس سالا (1789-1829) [ 2 ] ، وهو ابن رجل إيطالي قدم إلى لندن لتنظيم عروض الباليه في المسارح. [ 3 ] أما والده الحقيقي ووالده الروحي فكان الكابتن تشارلز "هنري" فيرفيلد، وهو أحد معارف والدته، [ 2 ] [ 3 ] هنريتا كاتارينا سيمون (1789-1860)، وهي ممثلة ومعلمة غناء. [ 4 ] كانت ابنة كاترينا سيلز، وهي عبدة سابقة، ومزارع من ديميرارا يُدعى دي بي سيمون. وكانت جدته الكبرى سيدة الأعمال الكاريبية دوروثي توماس . [ 5 ] [ 6 ] التحق سالا بمدرسة في باريس منذ عام 1839، لكن عائلته عادت إلى إنجلترا بسبب الاضطرابات السياسية في المدينة. [ 7 ] تعلّم الرسم في لندن، وفي سنواته الأولى عمل في وظائف متفرقة في رسم المناظر المسرحية (لجون ميدكس مادكس في مسرح الأميرة بلندن ) ورسم الكتب. وقد أتاحت له صلة والدته وشقيقه الأكبر (تشارلز كيريسون سالا) بالمسرح فرصة التعرف على مؤلفين وفنانين.

صورة جورج أوغسطس سالا بريشة ماثيو برادي ، حوالي عام 1860

At an early date he tried his hand at writing, and in 1851 attracted the attention of Charles Dickens, who published articles and stories by him in Household Words and subsequently in All the Year Round, and in 1856 sent him to Russia as a special correspondent. About the same time he got to know Edmund Yates, with whom, in his earlier years, he was constantly connected in his journalistic ventures and also become a lifelong friend of the penny dreadful publisher Edwin Brett.[8] In 1860, over his own initials "G.A.S.", he began writing "Echoes of the Week" for the Illustrated London News, and continued to do so until 1886, when they were continued in a syndicate of weekly newspapers almost to his death. William Makepeace Thackeray, when editor of the Cornhill, published articles by him on Hogarth in 1860, which were issued in column form in 1866; and in the former year he was given the editorship of Temple Bar,[4] which he held until 1863.[9]

1881 Caricature from Punch

Meanwhile, he had become in 1857 a contributor to The Daily Telegraph, and it was in this capacity that he did his most characteristic work, whether as a foreign correspondent in all parts of the world, or as a writer of "leaders" or special articles. His literary style, highly coloured and bombastic,[4] gradually became associated by the public with their conception of the Daily Telegraph; and though the butt of the more scholarly literary world, his articles were invariably full of interesting matter and helped to make the reputation of the paper.[10] He collected a large library and had an elaborate system of keeping common-place books, so that he could be turned on to write upon any conceivable subject with the certainty that he would bring into his article enough show or reality of special information to make it excellent reading for a not very critical public; and his extraordinary faculty for never saying the same thing twice in the same way[11] had a sort of "sporting" interest even to those who were more particular. Also in 1857, Sala became one of the founders of the Savage Club, which still flourishes today.

He earned a large income from the Telegraph and other sources, but he never could keep his money.[12] In 1879, Sala wrote a bawdy pantomime called Harlequin Prince Cherrytop, which subsequently was adapted as a monologue sometimes called The Sod's Opera and is often falsely attributed to Gilbert and Sullivan.[13] Three years later, he published a pornographic novel of flagellation erotica entitled The Mysteries of Verbena House (under the pseudonym Etonensis) and a travelogue of North America. In 1892, when his popular reputation was at its height, he started a weekly paper called Sala's Journal, but it was a disastrous failure; and in 1895 he had to sell his library of 13,000 volumes. Lord Rosebery gave him a civil list pension of £100 a year, but he was a broken-down man, and he died at Brighton, England, on 8 December 1895.[12][10]

Sala published many volumes of fiction, travels and essays, and he edited various other works, but his métier was that of ephemeral journalism;[12] and his name goes down to posterity as perhaps the most popular and most voluble of the newspaper men of the period.

During a visit to Australia in 1885, Sala coined the phrase "Marvellous Melbourne" to describe the booming city of Melbourne, a phrase which stuck with the locals and is still used to this day.

Mrs. George Augustus Sala died in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 31 December 1885, after a very brief illness.[14] In 1890, Sala married a second wife, Bessie Stannard, who was the sister-in-law of writer John Strange Winter [Henrietta Vaughan Stannard].[15]

Quotations

"In the course of life, it is by little acts of watchful kindness recurring daily and hourly, by words, tones, gestures, looks, that affection is won and preserved"

"A future is always a fairyland to the young."

"And for how long will a People suffer the mad tyranny of a Ruler, who outrages their Laws, who strangles their Liberties, who fleeces and squeezes and tramples upon them" (The Strange Adventures of Captain Dangerous).

"There is a mighty quantity of Sand and good store of Mud at Ostend, and a very comforting smell of fish." (The Strange Adventures of Captain Dangerous).

"ليس الأمر مجرد قول الشيء الصحيح في المكان المناسب، بل من الأصعب بكثير ترك الشيء الخاطئ دون قول، في اللحظة المغرية!"

"Melbourne the Marvellous" يتم اقتباسها بشكل خاطئ أو اختصارها اليوم إلى "Marvellous Melbourne". [ 16 ]

فهرس

مراجع

  1. ↑ "نادي سافاج - الصفحة الرئيسية" . www.savageclub.com . تم الاطلاع عليه بتاريخ 3 سبتمبر 2018 .
  2. 1 2 إدواردز، بي دي (26 مايو 2005). "سالا، جورج أوغسطس (1828-1895)" . قاموس أكسفورد للسير الوطنية ( نسخة إلكترونية). أكسفورد، المملكة المتحدة: مطبعة جامعة أكسفورد . doi : 10.1093/ref:odnb/24526 . تاريخ الاسترجاع: 10 فبراير 2020 . (يتطلب ذلك اشتراكًا أو الوصول إلى مكتبة ويكيبيديا أو عضوية في مكتبة عامة في المملكة المتحدة .)
  3. 1 2 كاندلين، كيت؛ بايبوس، كاساندرا (2015). النساء الرائدات: النوع الاجتماعي والعرق والسلطة في المحيط الأطلسي الثوري . أثينا، جورجيا: مطبعة جامعة جورجيا . ص 162-164 . ISBN  978-0-8203-4455-3. – عبر مشروع ميوز (يتطلب اشتراكًا)  
  4. 123Chisholm 1911, p. 54.
  5. ↑Candlin, Kit; Pybus, Cassandra (2015). "The Queen of Demerara: Mrs. Dorothy Thomas". Enterprising Women: Gender, Race, and Power in the Revolutionary Atlantic. Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press. pp. 111–115. ISBN 978-0-8203-4455-3. – via Project MUSE(subscription required)
  6. ↑Blake, Peter (2016). George Augustus Sala and the Nineteenth-Century Periodical Press: The Personal Style of a Public Writer. London, UK: Routledge. p. 9. ISBN 978-1-317-12877-9.
  7. ↑Crowther, Michelle (14 March 2022). "George Augustus Sala (1828-1895)". Kent Maps Online. Retrieved 15 March 2022.
  8. ↑Springhall, John (1990). "A Life Story for the People"? Edwin J. Brett and the London "Low-Life" Penny Dreadfuls of the 1860s". Victorian Studies. 33 (2). Indiana University Press: 223–246. JSTOR 3828357. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
  9. ↑Crowther, Michelle (19 November 2021). "The Strange Adventures of Captain Dangerous". Canterbury Christ Church University Library Blog. Retrieved 16 November 2023.
  10. 12"George Augustus Sala". The Times. No. 34755. 9 December 1895. p. 6.
  11. ↑Chisholm 1911, pp. 54–55.
  12. 123Chisholm 1911, p. 55.
  13. ↑Legman, Gershon. "Bawdy Monologues and Rhymed Recitations". Southern Folklore Quarterly, 40(1976), pp. 59–122
  14. ↑Argus. 4 January 1886 http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/6079131%20-%20newspaper%20called,%20the%20argus,%20dated%20monday,%204th%20january%201886,%20page%207%20at%20the%20end%20of%20the%20article%20called,%20%22chronicle%20of%20the%20year%201885%22. Retrieved 22 December 2016.{{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  15. ↑"Marriages - March 1890". FreeBMD. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
  16. ↑ "Trove - Lists" . Trove . تم الاطلاع عليه بتاريخ 3 سبتمبر 2018 .
  17. ↑ جورج أوغسطس سالا (1862). العناوين المقبولة . لندن: تينسلي براذرز ، 18 شارع كاثرين، ستراند. OCLC 6824395 . 
  18. ↑ "مراجعة لكتاب حياة ومغامرات جورج أوغسطس سالا. بقلمه ومذكرات مؤلف بقلم بيرسي فيتزجيرالد" . مجلة أثينيوم (3510): 141-142 . 2 فبراير 1895.