Operation Althea

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Operation Althea, formally the European Union Force Bosnia and Herzegovina (EUFOR), is a military deployment in Bosnia and Herzegovina to oversee the military implementation of the Dayton Agreement.[1] It is the successor to NATO's SFOR and IFOR. The transition from SFOR to EUFOR was largely a change of name and commanders: 80% of the troops remained in place.[2] It replaced SFOR on 2 December 2004.

General aspects

Symbol of EUFOR Althea, exhibited in Bratislava Castle

Civilian implementation of the Dayton Agreement is enforced by the Office of the High Representative.

As of January 2026, EUFOR's commander is Major General Maurizio Fronda of Italy. For this mission, the European Union Military Staff is using NATO's Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE) as the EU's Operational Headquarters (OHQ) and is working through the Deputy to the Supreme Allied Commander Europe, a European officer.

EUFOR assumed all the missions of SFOR, except for the hunt for individuals indicted by the war crimes tribunal, notably Radovan Karadžić, former leader of Republika Srpska, and Ratko Mladić, their former military leader, which remained a mission for NATO[2] through NATO Headquarters Sarajevo.[3] EUFOR does have police duties against organised crime, which is believed to be linked to suspected war criminals.[4] It worked with the European Union Police Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina (EUPM) and with the Bosnian Police. The European Union Special Representative in Bosnia and Herzegovina provides political guidance on military issues with a local political dimension to the EUFOR.

A total of 25 countries, including EU Member States and non-EU Troop Contributing Countries (TCC) are present within EUFOR. (Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Chile, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Moldova, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, North Macedonia, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, and Turkey).[5]

On 18 December 2020, the United Kingdom marked the end of its 16-year contribution to EUFOR, following Brexit.[6]

As of early2021, EUFOR personnel bases include:

  • Multinational Battalion is EUFOR's military maneuver unit for BiH, located at Camp Butmir, Sarajevo, and comprises troops from Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Romania, Albania and Türkiye.
  • 20 LOT Houses located throughout BiH to connect EUFOR to local communities and authorities. Houses are located in Cazin, Banja Luka (Romania) and Banja Luka (Slovenia), Brčko, Doboj, Drvar, Tuzla, Zavidovići, Travnik, Bratunac, Zenica, Vlasenica, Sarajevo, Livno, Jablanica, Višegrad, Foča, Mostar, Čapljina and Trebinje.[7]

Contributing states

List of countries EUFOR Althea:[1]

CountryEUNATO
Albania[8]NoYes
Austria[9]YesNo
BelgiumYesYes
Bulgaria[10]YesYes
Chile[11]NoNo
Czech Republic[12]YesYes
DenmarkYesYes
France[13]YesYes
Germany[14]YesYes
Greece[15]YesYes
Hungary[16]YesYes
Ireland[17]YesNo
Italy[18]YesYes
MoldovaNoNo
Netherlands[19][20]YesYes
North Macedonia[21]NoYes
Poland[22]YesYes
PortugalYesYes
Romania[23]YesYes
Slovakia[24]YesYes
Slovenia[25]YesYes
Spain[26]YesYes
SwedenYesYes
 Switzerland[27]NoNo
Turkey[28]NoYes
251920

Withdrawn
CountryEUNATOYear of withdrawal
EstoniaYesYes2012
FinlandYesYes2018[29]
LuxembourgYesYes2013
United Kingdom[30]NoYes2020[31]

Commanders

No.StateRankNameTenure
1 United KingdomMajor generalDavid Leakey2 December 2004 – 6 December 2005
2 ItalyMajor generalGian Marco Chiarini6 December 2005 – 5 December 2006
3 GermanyRear admiralHans-Jochen Witthauer5 December 2006 – 4 December 2007
4 SpainMajor generalIgnacio Martín Villalaín[32]4 December 2007 – 4 December 2008
5 ItalyMajor generalStefano Castagnotto4 December 2008 – 3 December 2009
6 AustriaMajor generalBernhard Bair4 December 2009 – 6 December 2011
7 AustriaMajor generalRobert Brieger6 December 2011 – 3 December 2012
8 AustriaMajor generalDieter Heidecker3 December 2012 – 17 December 2014
9 AustriaMajor generalJohann Luif17 December 2014 – 24 March 2016
10 AustriaMajor generalFriedrich Schrötter24 March 2016 – 28 March 2017
11 AustriaMajor generalAnton Waldner28 March 2017 – 28 March 2018
12 AustriaMajor generalMartin Dorfer28 March 2018 – 26 June 2019
13 AustriaMajor generalReinhard Trischak26 June 2019 – 14 January 2021
14 AustriaMajor generalAlexander Platzer14 January 2021 – 20 January 2022
15 AustriaMajor generalAnton Wessely20 January 2022 – 18 January 2023
16 AustriaMajor generalHelmut Habermayer18 January 2023 – 22 January 2024
17 HungaryMajor generalLászló Sticz22 January 2024 – 21 January 2025
18 RomaniaMajor generalFlorin-Marian Barbu21 January 2025 - 21 January 2026
19 ItalyMajor generalMaurizio Fronda21 January 2026 – present

See also

References

  1. 12"European Union Force in BiH - Mission Background". www.euforbih.org. Retrieved 2025-01-22.
  2. 12"EU troops prepare for Bosnia swap". BBC. 23 October 2004.
  3. ↑"Allied Joint Force Command Naples". Archived from the original on 2007-11-23. Retrieved 2007-12-05.
  4. ↑Evans, Michael (29 November 2004). "EU force to take on pimps, drug barons and smugglers". The Times. Archived from the original on January 3, 2006. Retrieved 13 January 2007.
  5. ↑"EUFOR Fact Sheet – Countries of EUFOR". EUFOR. Archived from the original on 2011-07-18. Retrieved 2008-02-01.
  6. ↑"European Union Force in BiH – United Kingdom ends contribution to EU Mission". www.euforbih.org. 21 December 2020. Retrieved 2024-06-18.
  7. ↑"European Union Force in BiH - EUFOR LOT Houses". euforbih.org. Archived from the original on 2024-05-15. Retrieved 2024-05-15.
  8. ↑Albania sends troops to EU’s peacekeeping mission in Bosnia, retrieved 04 February 2025.
  9. ↑Einsatzzahlen österreichischen StreitkräfteArchived 2015-07-22 at the Wayback Machine, retrieved 28 March 2018.
  10. ↑Einsatzzahlen bulgarische Streitkräfte, retrieved 14 March 2017.
  11. ↑Einsatzzahlen chilenische Streitkräfte, retrieved 28 September 2016.
  12. ^ "Česko poslalo vojáky do Bosny. V době rostucího napětí posílí misi EUFOR" . 12 مارس 2025.
  13. ^ وولسكا ، آنا (2024/04/12). "Po الناتو teraz UE zwiększy wojskową obecność w Bośni i Hercegowinie" . www.euractiv.pl (باللغة البولندية) . تم الاسترجاع بتاريخ 2024-08-09 .
  14. ^ "قوة الاتحاد الأوروبي في ألثيا: الجيش الألماني يتجه نحو فريدن وتحقيق الاستقرار" . www.bmvg.de (باللغة الألمانية). 2024-05-11 . تم الاسترجاع 2024-05-15 .
  15. ↑حلف شمال الأطلسي وحلف شمال الأطلسي: قوة التنفيذ – قوة تحقيق الاستقرار[ العمليات في سياق حلف الناتو والاتحاد الأوروبي: قوة حفظ السلام الدولية - قوة حفظ السلام ] ، army.gr ، هيئة الأركان العامة للدفاع الوطني اليوناني ، 24 مارس 2014. مؤرشف من الأصل في 22 ديسمبر 2017. تم الاطلاع عليه في 28 سبتمبر 2016 .
  16. ^ Einsatzzahlen ungarische Streitkräfte ، استرجاعها 14 مارس 2017.
  17. ↑ "الانتشار في الخارج" . www.military.ie . تم الاطلاع عليه بتاريخ 9 أغسطس 2024 .
  18. ^ Einsatzzahlen italienische Streitkräfte ، استرجاعها 28 سبتمبر 2016.
  19. ↑ "نظرة على أخبار الدفاع من 2 إلى 8 أكتوبر - خبر - Defensie.nl" . english.defensie.nl . 11 أكتوبر 2023. تاريخ الاطلاع: 9 أغسطس 2024 .
  20. ↑ «هولندا ستنشر 160 جندياً في مهمة حفظ السلام في البوسنة» . anews . تم الاطلاع عليه بتاريخ 9 أغسطس 2024 .
  21. ^ http://www.euforbih.org/eufor/index.php/eufor-news/latest-news/2071-visit-to-eufor-by-minister-of-defence-of-former-yugoslav-republic-of-macedonia-fyrom أرشفة 2024-05-05 في آلة Wayback. Einsatzzahlen mazedonische ستريتكرافت
  22. ^ Einsatzzahlen polnische Streitkräfte ، استرجاعها 28 سبتمبر 2016.
  23. ^ "Einsatzzahlen rumänische Streitkräfte" . أرشفة من الإصدار الأصلي في 18 شباط (فبراير) 2016 . تم الاسترجاع في 5 مايو 2024 .تم الاطلاع عليه بتاريخ 28 سبتمبر 2016.
  24. ↑ Einsatzzahlen Slowakische Streitkräfte ، تم استرجاعه في 14 مارس 2017.
  25. ^ Einsatzzahlen Slowenische Streitkräfte ، تم استرجاعه في 28 سبتمبر 2016.
  26. ^ Einsatzzahlen Spanish Streitkräfte ، تم استرجاعه في 14 مارس 2017.
  27. ^ “Einsatzzahlen Schweizer Streitkräfte” (PDF) . أرشفة من الإصدار الأصلي في 27 أيلول 2016 . تم الاسترجاع في 5 مايو 2024 .{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), Swiss Peace Support, retrieved 28 September 2016.
  28. ↑Einsatzzahlen türkische Streitkräfte, retrieved 28 March 2018.
  29. ↑"Finland discontinues its participation in the EUFOR ALTHEA operation". maavoimat.fi. Retrieved 2024-06-18.
  30. ↑"Ministry of Defence Sarajevo - GOV.UK". www.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 2014-06-13.
  31. ↑"European Union Force in BiH – United Kingdom ends contribution to EU Mission". www.euforbih.org. 21 December 2020. Retrieved 2024-06-18.
  32. ↑"EUFOR change of command ceremony". Archived from the original on 2017-09-28. Retrieved 2007-12-05.

Further reading