برج المياه، تشيستر

الموسوعة الحرة

برج المياه (المعروف أصلاً باسم البرج الجديد ) هو برج يعود للقرن الرابع عشر في مدينة تشيستر ، مقاطعة تشيشاير ، إنجلترا، وهو متصل بجدار جانبي ببرج بونوالدسثورن على أسوار المدينة . وقد أُدرج البرج، مع جداره الجانبي، في قائمة التراث الوطني لإنجلترا كمبنى مصنف  من الدرجة الأولى . [ 1 ] كان الاسم الأصلي للبرج هو البرج الجديد، ولكن في القرن السابع عشر أصبح يُعرف باسم برج المياه، على الرغم من محاولة مجلس المدينة الإصرار على استخدام اسمه الصحيح. [ 2 ] 

تاريخ

بُني البرج بين عامي 1322 و1325، وكان حينها يقع في نهر دي . وهو متصل ببرج بونوالدسثورن بواسطة جدار داعم. كان المهندس المعماري هو جون (دي)  هيلبستون، الذي صمم أيضًا قلاعًا للملك إدوارد  الثاني في شمال ويلز. كان الغرض الرئيسي منه هو الدفاع عن ميناء تشيستر، كما استُخدم لمراقبة حركة السفن والتأكد من دفع الرسوم الجمركية. [ 3 ] بلغت تكلفة البرج والجدار الداعم 100 جنيه إسترليني (ما يعادل 80,000 جنيه إسترليني اعتبارًا من عام 2025 ). [ 4 ] [ 5 ] بحلول نهاية  القرن السادس عشر، امتلأ النهر بالطمي وأصبح البرج معزولًا عن اليابسة. [ 3 ] في عام 1639، جُدد البرج على نفقة المدينة، وخلال العقد التالي، حُوّلت فتحات في الجدار الداعم إلى منافذ للمدافع. [ 2 ] خلال الحرب الأهلية، تعرض البرج للهجوم وأُلحقت به أضرار. [ 6 ] منذ عام 1671، تم تأجيره كمخزن، ولكن في عام 1728 وُصف بأنه "غير صالح للاستخدام ومهمل". [ 2 ]

The Chester Mechanics' Institution was founded in 1835. The Institution wished to open a museum to show its artifacts and the city council leased the Water Tower and Bonewaldesthorne's Tower at a nominal rent for this purpose. The museum opened in 1838. The Institution closed in 1876 and the exhibits came into the possession of the city council. Although it was recognised that the tower was not suitable as a museum, there was at the time nowhere else to show all the exhibits. The tower closed as a museum in 1901–02 while the city walls were rebuilt, and re-opened in 1903, attracting 12,000 visitors that season. The towers were closed to the public in 1916 and in the 1920s they were let for non-museum use. In 1954 they were bought by the Grosvenor Museum which reopened them to the public in 1962.[7] The tower is now some 200 yards (183 m) inland from the river,[3] and is probably the least-altered of Chester's medieval towers.[8] The Water Tower and the adjacent Bonewaldesthorne's Tower have housed a museum of the history of medicine, 'Sick to Death', since August 2016.[9]

رسم خريطة
حول خرائط الشوارع المفتوحة
الخرائط: شروط الاستخدام
170m185yds
Cathedral
كاتدرائية تشيستر
كاتدرائية تشيستر
Castle
قلعة تشيستر
قلعة تشيستر
Roman Amphi-theatre
مدرج تشيستر
مدرج تشيستر
33
32
32 Watergate
32 Watergate
31
30
29
28
28
28 Bridgegate
28 Bridgegate
27
27
26
25
25 Recorder's Steps
25 Recorder's Steps
24
23
23 Barnaby's Tower
23 Barnaby's Tower
22
21
21
21 Newgate
21 Newgate
20
20
19
19
18
18 Thimbleby's Tower
18 Thimbleby's Tower
17
16
16 Eastgate
16 Eastgate
15
14
14 Kaleyard Gate
14 Kaleyard Gate
13
12
12 Phoenix Tower
12 Phoenix Tower
11
10
10 Northgate
10 Northgate
9
8
8
8 Morgan's Mount
8 Morgan's Mount
7
7
6
5
4
4 Pemberton's Parlour
4 Pemberton's Parlour
3
2
2 Spur Wall and Water Tower
2 Spur Wall and Water Tower
1
1 Bonewaldesthorne's Tower
1 Bonewaldesthorne's Tower
The Walls of Medieval and Roman Chester
Medieval City Walls
The Roman Fortress
Roman Roads
Towers and Gates
Section of Wall
   
","zoom":"16"},"body":{"extsrc":"[ {\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {\"stroke-width\":6, \"stroke\": \"#AA1205\", \"stroke-opacity\":0.6, \"fill-opacity\":0,\"title\": \"line of Deva Roman Fortress Wall: north-east\"},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [-2.88895, 53.19101],\n [\n -2.8904271789634493,\n 53.19408400447432\n ],\n [\n -2.8906333456204436,\n 53.194180072162055\n ],\n [\n -2.8908624196826054,\n 53.19419379610005\n ],\n [\n -2.8931531603055305,\n 53.19379580011909\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"LineString\"\n }\n },\n{\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {\"stroke-width\":6, \"stroke\": \"#AA1205\", \"stroke-opacity\":0.6, \"fill-opacity\":0,\"title\": \"line of Deva Roman Fortress Wall: north-west\"},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n -2.8934509565858093,\n 53.19376834697201\n ],\n [\n -2.8959764981195235,\n 53.19332574399519\n ],\n [\n -2.8961139425570934,\n 53.1932588384544\n ],\n [\n -2.896119669412286,\n 53.19314389799422\n ],\n [\n -2.89478,\n 53.18986\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"LineString\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {\"stroke-width\":6, \"stroke\": \"#AA1205\", \"stroke-opacity\":0.6, \"fill-opacity\":0,\"title\": \"line of Deva Roman Fortress Wall: south-west\"},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n -2.89470,\n 53.18967\n ],\n [\n -2.8941066036492202,\n 53.188349524550205\n ],\n [\n -2.8939463837476657,\n 53.18828515972489\n ],\n [\n -2.8937372657047212,\n 53.188272560919115\n ],\n [\n -2.8911028700063923,\n 53.18869173496995\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"LineString\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {\"stroke-width\":6, \"stroke\": \"#AA1205\", \"stroke-opacity\":0.6, \"fill-opacity\":0,\"title\": \"line of Deva Roman Fortress Wall: south-east\"},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n -2.890788120798902,\n 53.188738305455274\n ],\n [\n -2.888451565362999,\n 53.18906772055726\n ],\n [\n -2.8882539889842462,\n 53.18915350532461\n ],\n [\n -2.888165222786597,\n 53.189278750775856\n ],\n [\n -2.888861035249988,\n 53.190788530183994\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"LineString\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {\"stroke-width\":8, \"stroke\": \"#777755\", \"stroke-opacity\":0.35, \"fill-opacity\":0,\"title\": \"Deva-Raby Mere (Margary 670)\"},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n -3.011724925874575,\n 53.315462165788325\n ],\n [\n -3.005030722154854,\n 53.309579373946974\n ],\n [\n -2.996818888810512,\n 53.301684894052975\n ],\n [\n -2.9784427408128007,\n 53.28022572291633\n ],\n [\n -2.9701509443413103,\n 53.273673779235594\n ],\n [\n -2.962517462905613,\n 53.26454347928175\n ],\n [\n -2.959443592688449,\n 53.260161956232174\n ],\n [\n -2.955997240655864,\n 53.255249974995216\n ],\n [\n -2.948058462968905,\n 53.242935601893606\n ],\n [\n -2.9263456412157227,\n 53.223053140045096\n ],\n [\n -2.9081748883667053,\n 53.21110772444474\n ],\n [\n -2.8950346667534,\n 53.197466217798535\n ],\n [\n -2.8932619084055964,\n 53.19369809317703\n ],\n [-2.89278, 53.19283],\n ],\n \"type\": \"LineString\"\n }\n },\n{\"type\":\"Feature\",\n\"properties\":{\"title\":\"Roman Road from Deva to Mamucium (Margary number 7a)\", \"stroke-width\":9, \"stroke\": \"#777755\", \"stroke-opacity\":0.35, \"fill-opacity\":0},\n \"geometry\":{\n \"type\":\"LineString\",\n\"coordinates\":[\n [ -2.88891, 53.19086 ],\n [ -2.8820520, 53.1921598 ],\n [ -2.87756738, 53.1923341 ],\n [ -2.874267, 53.192179 ],\n [ -2.8700279, 53.191884 ],\n [ -2.8652258, 53.192607 ],\n [ -2.86180909, 53.1924977 ],\n [ -2.85553776, 53.1935931 ],\n [ -2.837687, 53.19531 ],\n [ -2.8257812,53.1969236 ],\n [ -2.793001838, 53.200626 ],\n [ -2.74559697, 53.207827 ],\n [ -2.703943, 53.212987 ],\n [ -2.698176, 53.213205 ],\n [ -2.677992537, 53.21557547 ],\n [ -2.670225453, 53.21731344 ],\n [ -2.628981667, 53.22592532 ],\n [ -2.621844324, 53.22667094 ],\n [ -2.604797, 53.229366 ],\n [ -2.5907385761, 53.23129322 ],\n [ -2.5669850187, 53.23924062 ],\n [ -2.5596570822, 53.24047642 ],\n [ -2.5467509465, 53.24468742 ],\n [ -2.5403704834, 53.24914241 ],\n [ -2.5234613277, 53.25622048 ],\n [ -2.4913960073, 53.26380923 ],\n [ -2.482427159, 53.26620782 ]\n ]\n}\n},\n{\"type\":\"Feature\",\n\"properties\":{\"title\":\"Roman Road from Deva to Viroconium (Margary number 6a)\", \"stroke-width\":9, \"stroke\": \"#777755\", \"stroke-opacity\":0.35, \"fill-opacity\":0},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [-2.89167, 53.19027],\n [-2.89098, 53.18873],\n [\n -2.887742291566043,\n 53.183997820255655\n ],\n [\n -2.887424843197188,\n 53.181156839521826\n ],\n [\n -2.882072731087545,\n 53.16369508657188\n ],\n [\n -2.8801,\n 53.156336\n ],\n [\n -2.874924679816338,\n 53.13983894767094\n ],\n [\n -2.8683853484937103,\n 53.130484330548846\n ],\n [\n -2.8678337638289615,\n 53.12783539546361\n ],\n [\n -2.8466549217707913,\n 53.09736544603165\n ],\n [\n -2.8438698557426525,\n 53.09354222424206\n ],\n [\n -2.841544,\n 53.086379\n ],\n [\n -2.839256,\n 53.080713\n ],\n [\n -2.8196506291606216,\n 53.06318102033618\n ],\n [\n -2.807617,\n 53.05687\n ],\n [\n -2.802432595871936,\n 53.054340582031216\n ],\n [\n -2.7861525979167157,\n 53.04292798176094\n ],\n [\n -2.7745916820658114,\n 53.03135141788242\n ],\n [\n -2.765289772218044,\n 53.019831480428664\n ],\n [\n -2.756994928424669,\n 53.0130027684188\n ],\n [\n -2.742232,\n 53.000698\n ],\n [\n -2.723869,\n 52.988998\n ],\n [\n -2.6945854967532226,\n 52.97315876726825\n ],\n [\n -2.682704231194025,\n 52.96747759280859\n ],\n [\n -2.6793652984510303,\n 52.96427676944643\n ],\n [\n -2.669868225621886,\n 52.952267018984394\n ],\n [\n -2.666100713486549,\n 52.94903381716245\n ],\n [\n -2.6619287027208998,\n 52.942845663532985\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"LineString\"\n }\n },\n{\"type\":\"Feature\",\n\"properties\":{\"title\":\"Roman Road from Deva to Seguntium (Margary number 66a)\", \"stroke-width\":9, \"stroke\": \"#777755\", \"stroke-opacity\":0.35, \"fill-opacity\":0},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"LineString\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [-2.938993, 53.152659],\n [-2.88767, 53.18334] ] \n }\n },\n{\"type\":\"Feature\",\n\"properties\":{\"title\":\"Roman Road from Deva to North Wales (Margary number 67a)\", \"stroke-width\":9, \"stroke\": \"#777755\", \"stroke-opacity\":0.35, \"fill-opacity\":0},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"LineString\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [-3.2517, 53.2826],\n [-3.221491, 53.284401],\n [-3.206172, 53.289275],\n [-3.169947, 53.268619],\n [-3.162715, 53.266348],\n [-3.121342, 53.244607],\n [-3.113231, 53.23914],\n [-3.092046, 53.232517],\n [-3.065842, 53.223088],\n [-3.020298, 53.204783],\n [-2.998845, 53.193413],\n [-2.985192, 53.184292],\n [-2.957293, 53.161001],\n\n [-2.957139, 53.160872],\n [-2.938993, 53.152659],\n [-2.929724, 53.145861],\n [-2.91834, 53.144062],\n [-2.87505, 53.14025] ]\n }\n },\n{\"type\":\"Feature\",\n\"properties\":{\"title\":\" Via Principalis and route to harbour\", \"stroke-width\":9, \"stroke\": \"#777755\", \"stroke-opacity\":0.35, \"fill-opacity\":0},\n\"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [ -2.88891, 53.19086 ],\n [-2.8947326223751872, 53.189763868177835],\n [-2.8975499706368737, 53.18933897994549]\n ],\n \"type\": \"LineString\"\n }\n },\n{\"type\":\"Feature\",\n\"properties\":{\"title\":\"Roman Road from Deva to North Wales (Margary number 66a)\", \"stroke-width\":9, \"stroke\": \"#777755\", \"stroke-opacity\":0.35, \"fill-opacity\":0},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"LineString\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [-3.247693, 53.28178],\n [-3.218343, 53.273053],\n [-3.212639, 53.263391],\n [-3.192176, 53.238995],\n [-3.174691, 53.22656],\n [-3.16464, 53.221596],\n [-3.122117, 53.206247],\n [-3.100847, 53.202341],\n [-3.074626, 53.199325],\n [-3.06322, 53.196517],\n [-3.030786, 53.185284],\n [-3.026217, 53.184856],\n [-3.021388, 53.183757],\n [-3.006026, 53.177559],\n [-2.999714, 53.173694],\n [-2.993819, 53.170595],\n [-2.98618, 53.168955],\n [-2.968016, 53.163338],\n [-2.957361, 53.16092] ]\n }\n },\n{\"type\":\"Feature\",\n\"properties\":{\"title\":\"Roman Road from Deva to Wilderspood (Margary number 701)\", \"stroke-width\":9, \"stroke\": \"#777755\", \"stroke-opacity\":0.35, \"fill-opacity\":0},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"LineString\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [-2.88091, 53.19221],\n [-2.879626, 53.195594],\n [-2.877424, 53.199281],\n [-2.863656, 53.204285],\n [-2.850116, 53.211766],\n [-2.837899, 53.216733],\n [-2.834502, 53.219177],\n [-2.832441, 53.220463],\n [-2.830639, 53.221283],\n [-2.827549, 53.224369],\n [-2.824716, 53.22971],\n [-2.825746, 53.232076],\n [-2.825231, 53.23403],\n [-2.824372, 53.235159],\n [-2.821195, 53.236185],\n [-2.807891, 53.2386],\n [-2.793855, 53.245359],\n [-2.786602, 53.255962],\n [-2.783321, 53.258927],\n [-2.779906, 53.261044],\n [-2.777073, 53.261196],\n [-2.768574, 53.266282],\n [-2.767287, 53.270337],\n [-2.763423, 53.274495],\n [-2.760677, 53.27506],\n [-2.758273, 53.27506],\n [-2.743717, 53.280459],\n [-2.740446, 53.283099],\n [-2.736097, 53.285531],\n [-2.70754, 53.299538],\n [-2.702363, 53.302541],\n [-2.692088, 53.307385],\n [-2.667023, 53.312207],\n [-2.648309, 53.321229],\n [-2.644446, 53.324614],\n [-2.639124, 53.330969],\n [-2.637235, 53.332458],\n [-2.635775, 53.335533],\n [-2.633114, 53.337943],\n [-2.629852, 53.342759],\n [-2.62453, 53.347832],\n [-2.620066, 53.350701],\n [-2.618092, 53.35275],\n [-2.61234, 53.356081],\n [-2.60719, 53.360284],\n [-2.604529, 53.362231],\n [-2.603326, 53.364127],\n [-2.600236, 53.366019],\n [-2.583914, 53.37466] ]\n }\n }\n ]\n},{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {\"stroke-width\":3, \"stroke\": \"#222222\", \"stroke-opacity\":0.7, \"fill-opacity\":0,\"title\": \"line of Medieval Wall: north-east\"},\n\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n -2.888892695191032,\n 53.190908508675335\n ],\n [\n -2.890383644645482,\n 53.19407355303923\n ],\n [\n -2.890530898912033,\n 53.19418382911826\n ],\n [\n -2.8907701870964786,\n 53.19421691188671\n ],\n [\n -2.8932182892866933,\n 53.19377580620875\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"LineString\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {\"stroke-width\":3, \"stroke\": \"#222222\", \"stroke-opacity\":0.7, \"fill-opacity\":0,\"title\": \"line of Medieval Wall: north-west\"},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n -2.893513474164365,\n 53.1937758100068\n ],\n [\n -2.897737830950888,\n 53.19289909901349\n ],\n [\n -2.898460297197829,\n 53.192752978742675\n ],\n [\n -2.898754805732011,\n 53.19270610988153\n ],\n [\n -2.8989434752624277,\n 53.19268129694376\n ],\n [\n -2.899573907592469,\n 53.19259858701105\n ],\n [\n -2.8989388735667774,\n 53.19269232492266\n ],\n [\n -2.8985557823877457,\n 53.19231253760652\n ],\n [\n -2.8983153437796148,\n 53.191753543703996\n ],\n [\n -2.8978896869130324,\n 53.190464615619305\n ],\n [\n -2.8974709325915455,\n 53.189441705371195\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"LineString\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {\"stroke-width\":3, \"stroke\": \"#222222\", \"stroke-opacity\":0.7, \"fill-opacity\":0,\"title\": \"line of Medieval Wall: south-west\"},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n -2.897415723685981,\n 53.18926855008891\n ],\n [\n -2.896771486267909,\n 53.18825388314738\n ],\n [\n -2.896458570950159,\n 53.18753698442097\n ],\n [\n -2.8956670792645127,\n 53.18665463107354\n ],\n [\n -2.895372570730359,\n 53.18611418068289\n ],\n [\n -2.894783553663075,\n 53.185595783092\n ],\n [\n -2.894047282327108,\n 53.18512149895565\n ],\n [\n -2.893122341462856,\n 53.18484023495316\n ],\n [\n -2.8926115532245262,\n 53.18453139392972\n ],\n [\n -2.892243417556017,\n 53.184600331850646\n ],\n [\n -2.891461129261643,\n 53.18539448867568\n ],\n [\n -2.890876713889952,\n 53.185639902242855\n ],\n [\n -2.890034603549225,\n 53.1859597650344\n ],\n [\n -2.8894087729147486,\n 53.186213447591626\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"LineString\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {\"stroke-width\":3, \"stroke\": \"#222222\", \"stroke-opacity\":0.7, \"fill-opacity\":0,\"title\": \"line of Medieval Wall: south-east\"},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n -2.8892201033843037,\n 53.18627962540336\n ],\n [\n -2.8883779930446565,\n 53.18651400431412\n ],\n [\n -2.8881801201235078,\n 53.18666152371806\n ],\n [\n -2.8879730438110585,\n 53.18704066289703\n ],\n [\n -2.8875036708344908,\n 53.18732742714087\n ],\n [\n -2.887466857267299,\n 53.18746529391265\n ],\n [\n -2.8875128742267293,\n 53.18759764554147\n ],\n [\n -2.8881755184273743,\n 53.18898179872838\n ],\n [\n -2.8883319760861923,\n 53.18922994906583\n ],\n [\n -2.888212331995618,\n 53.18938986731368\n ],\n [\n -2.8884700269625228,\n 53.19007364912349\n ],\n [\n -2.8888565694125248,\n 53.19077947704554\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"LineString\"\n }\n }\n ]\n},{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": { \"title\": \"1
[[Bonewaldesthorne's Tower]]
[[File:Bonewaldesthorne's Tower.jpg|250px]]\", \"description\": \" ([https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?params=53.19267;-2.89892_dim:2000 53.19267,-2.89892])\", \"marker-symbol\": \"-number-F502948\", \"marker-size\": \"medium\", \"marker-color\": \"#1c559e\" }, \"geometry\": {\"type\": \"Point\", \"coordinates\": [-2.89892,53.19267] } }, { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": { \"title\": \"2
Spur Wall and [[Water Tower, Chester|Water Tower]]
[[File:Chester Water Tower 2.jpg|250px]]\", \"description\": \"The Water Tower is outside the northwest corner of the walls, and is joined to Bonewaldesthorne's Tower by a spur wall. ([https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?params=53.19257;-2.89957_dim:2000 53.19257,-2.89957])\", \"marker-symbol\": \"-number-F502948\", \"marker-size\": \"medium\", \"marker-color\": \"#1c559e\" }, \"geometry\": {\"type\": \"Point\", \"coordinates\": [-2.89957,53.19257] } }, { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": { \"title\": \"3
Wall between Bonewaldesthorne's Tower and Pemberton's Parlour
[[File:The city walls over the railway - geograph.org.uk - 632785.jpg|250px]]\", \"description\": \" ([https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?params=53.19288;-2.8978_dim:2000 53.19288,-2.8978])\", \"marker-symbol\": \"-number-F502948\", \"marker-size\": \"medium\", \"marker-color\": \"#1c559e\" }, \"geometry\": {\"type\": \"Point\", \"coordinates\": [-2.8978,53.19288] } }, { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": { \"title\": \"4
[[Pemberton's Parlour]]
[[File:Goblin Tower on the City Walls - geograph.org.uk - 562240.jpg|250px]]\", \"description\": \" ([https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?params=53.193;-2.89723_dim:2000 53.193,-2.89723])\", \"marker-symbol\": \"-number-F502948\", \"marker-size\": \"medium\", \"marker-color\": \"#1c559e\" }, \"geometry\": {\"type\": \"Point\", \"coordinates\": [-2.89723,53.193] } }, { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": { \"title\": \"5
Wall between Pemberton's Parlour and St Martin's Gate
[[File:Chester City Walls on the appropriately named City Wall Street (geograph 4875174).jpg|250px]]\", \"description\": \" ([https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?params=53.19307;-2.89684_dim:2000 53.19307,-2.89684])\", \"marker-symbol\": \"-number-F502948\", \"marker-size\": \"medium\", \"marker-color\": \"#1c559e\" }, \"geometry\": {\"type\": \"Point\", \"coordinates\": [-2.89684,53.19307] } }, { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": { \"title\": \"6
St Martin's Gate
[[File:St Martin's Gate, Chester (geograph 4381912).jpg|250px]]\", \"description\": \" ([https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?params=53.19319;-2.89633_dim:2000 53.19319,-2.89633])\", \"marker-symbol\": \"-number-F502948\", \"marker-size\": \"medium\", \"marker-color\": \"#1c559e\" }, \"geometry\": {\"type\": \"Point\", \"coordinates\": [-2.89633,53.19319] } }, { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": { \"title\": \"7
Wall between St Martin's Gate and Morgan's Mount
[[File:Water Tower Street and a bench mark (geograph 4699846).jpg|250px]]\", \"description\": \" ([https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?params=53.19319;-2.89603_dim:2000 53.19319,-2.89603])\", \"marker-symbol\": \"-number-F502948\", \"marker-size\": \"medium\", \"marker-color\": \"#1c559e\" }, \"geometry\": {\"type\": \"Point\", \"coordinates\": [-2.89603,53.19319] } }, { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": { \"title\": \"8
[[Morgan's Mount]]
[[File:Morgan's Mount on the city walls - geograph.org.uk - 694425.jpg|250px]]\", \"description\": \" ([https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?params=53.19328;-2.89588_dim:2000 53.19328,-2.89588])\", \"marker-symbol\": \"-number-F502948\", \"marker-size\": \"medium\", \"marker-color\": \"#1c559e\" }, \"geometry\": {\"type\": \"Point\", \"coordinates\": [-2.89588,53.19328] } }, { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": { \"title\": \"9
Wall between Morgan's Mount and Northgate
[[File:Chester City Walls (geograph 4382189).jpg|250px]]\", \"description\": \" ([https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?params=53.19351;-2.89474_dim:2000 53.19351,-2.89474])\", \"marker-symbol\": \"-number-F502948\", \"marker-size\": \"medium\", \"marker-color\": \"#1c559e\" }, \"geometry\": {\"type\": \"Point\", \"coordinates\": [-2.89474,53.19351] } }, { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": { \"title\": \"10
[[Northgate, Chester|Northgate]]
[[File:Northgate, Chester.jpg|250px]]\", \"description\": \" ([https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?params=53.1938;-2.89333_dim:2000 53.1938,-2.89333])\", \"marker-symbol\": \"-number-F502948\", \"marker-size\": \"medium\", \"marker-color\": \"#1c559e\" }, \"geometry\": {\"type\": \"Point\", \"coordinates\": [-2.89333,53.1938] } }, { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": { \"title\": \"11
Wall between Northgate and Phoenix Tower
[[File:Chester city wall and Shropshire Union Canal - geograph.org.uk - 1128122.jpg|250px]]\", \"description\": \" ([https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?params=53.1941;-2.89153_dim:2000 53.1941,-2.89153])\", \"marker-symbol\": \"-number-F502948\", \"marker-size\": \"medium\", \"marker-color\": \"#1c559e\" }, \"geometry\": {\"type\": \"Point\", \"coordinates\": [-2.89153,53.1941] } }, { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": { \"title\": \"12
[[Phoenix Tower, Chester|Phoenix Tower]]
[[File:King Charles Tower, City Walls, Chester - geograph.org.uk - 9695.jpg|250px]]\", \"description\": \" ([https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?params=53.19416;-2.89041_dim:2000 53.19416,-2.89041])\", \"marker-symbol\": \"-number-F502948\", \"marker-size\": \"medium\", \"marker-color\": \"#1c559e\" }, \"geometry\": {\"type\": \"Point\", \"coordinates\": [-2.89041,53.19416] } }, { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": { \"title\": \"13
Wall between Phoenix Tower and Kaleyard Gate
[[File:Chester City Wall (geograph 3656923).jpg|250px]]\", \"description\": \" ([https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?params=53.19363;-2.89014_dim:2000 53.19363,-2.89014])\", \"marker-symbol\": \"-number-F502948\", \"marker-size\": \"medium\", \"marker-color\": \"#1c559e\" }, \"geometry\": {\"type\": \"Point\", \"coordinates\": [-2.89014,53.19363] } }, { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": { \"title\": \"14
[[Kaleyard Gate, Chester|Kaleyard Gate]]
[[File:Kaleyard Gate 1.jpg|250px]]\", \"description\": \" ([https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?params=53.1926;-2.88963_dim:2000 53.1926,-2.88963])\", \"marker-symbol\": \"-number-F502948\", \"marker-size\": \"medium\", \"marker-color\": \"#1c559e\" }, \"geometry\": {\"type\": \"Point\", \"coordinates\": [-2.88963,53.1926] } }, { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": { \"title\": \"15
Wall between Kaleyard Gate and Eastgate
[[File:City walls and blocked doorway - geograph.org.uk - 667897.jpg|250px]]\", \"description\": \" ([https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?params=53.1914;-2.88907_dim:2000 53.1914,-2.88907])\", \"marker-symbol\": \"-number-F502948\", \"marker-size\": \"medium\", \"marker-color\": \"#1c559e\" }, \"geometry\": {\"type\": \"Point\", \"coordinates\": [-2.88907,53.1914] } }, { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": { \"title\": \"16
[[Eastgate, Chester|Eastgate]]
[[File:Eastgate.jpg|250px]]\", \"description\": \" ([https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?params=53.19087;-2.8888_dim:2000 53.19087,-2.8888])\", \"marker-symbol\": \"-number-F502948\", \"marker-size\": \"medium\", \"marker-color\": \"#1c559e\" }, \"geometry\": {\"type\": \"Point\", \"coordinates\": [-2.8888,53.19087] } }, { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": { \"title\": \"17
Wall between Eastgate and Thimbleby's Tower
[[File:A view along Chester's Walls - geograph.org.uk - 12054.jpg|250px]]\", \"description\": \" ([https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?params=53.18998;-2.88845_dim:2000 53.18998,-2.88845])\", \"marker-symbol\": \"-number-F502948\", \"marker-size\": \"medium\", \"marker-color\": \"#1c559e\" }, \"geometry\": {\"type\": \"Point\", \"coordinates\": [-2.88845,53.18998] } }, { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": { \"title\": \"18
[[Thimbleby's Tower]]
[[File:Thimbleby's Tower.jpg|250px]]\", \"description\": \" ([https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?params=53.1894;-2.88816_dim:2000 53.1894,-2.88816])\", \"marker-symbol\": \"-number-F502948\", \"marker-size\": \"medium\", \"marker-color\": \"#1c559e\" }, \"geometry\": {\"type\": \"Point\", \"coordinates\": [-2.88816,53.1894] } }, { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": { \"title\": \"19
Wall between Thimbleby's Tower and Old Newgate
[[File:Chester City Walls - geograph.org.uk - 1152340.jpg|250px]]\", \"description\": \" ([https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?params=53.18927;-2.88822_dim:2000 53.18927,-2.88822])\", \"marker-symbol\": \"-number-F502948\", \"marker-size\": \"medium\", \"marker-color\": \"#1c559e\" }, \"geometry\": {\"type\": \"Point\", \"coordinates\": [-2.88822,53.18927] } }, { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": { \"title\": \"20
Old Newgate
[[File:Old Newgate, Chester.jpg|250px]]\", \"description\": \" ([https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?params=53.18918;-2.88831_dim:2000 53.18918,-2.88831])\", \"marker-symbol\": \"-number-F502948\", \"marker-size\": \"medium\", \"marker-color\": \"#1c559e\" }, \"geometry\": {\"type\": \"Point\", \"coordinates\": [-2.88831,53.18918] } }, { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": { \"title\": \"21
[[Newgate, Chester|Newgate]]
[[File:Newgate, Chester.jpg|250px]]\", \"description\": \" ([https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?params=53.18902;-2.88819_dim:2000 53.18902,-2.88819])\", \"marker-symbol\": \"-number-F502948\", \"marker-size\": \"medium\", \"marker-color\": \"#1c559e\" }, \"geometry\": {\"type\": \"Point\", \"coordinates\": [-2.88819,53.18902] } }, { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": { \"title\": \"22
Wall between Newgate and Barnaby's Tower
[[File:Chester's City Walls - Bridgegate to Eastgate ^10 - geograph.org.uk - 375008.jpg|250px]]\", \"description\": \" ([https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?params=53.1886;-2.88797_dim:2000 53.1886,-2.88797])\", \"marker-symbol\": \"-number-F502948\", \"marker-size\": \"medium\", \"marker-color\": \"#1c559e\" }, \"geometry\": {\"type\": \"Point\", \"coordinates\": [-2.88797,53.1886] } }, { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": { \"title\": \"23
[[Barnaby's Tower]]
[[File:BarnabysTower.JPG|250px]]\", \"description\": \" ([https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?params=53.18763;-2.8875_dim:2000 53.18763,-2.8875])\", \"marker-symbol\": \"-number-F502948\", \"marker-size\": \"medium\", \"marker-color\": \"#1c559e\" }, \"geometry\": {\"type\": \"Point\", \"coordinates\": [-2.8875,53.18763] } }, { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": { \"title\": \"24
Wall between Barnaby's Tower and the Drum Tower
[[File:The walls, Chester - geograph.org.uk - 215859.jpg|250px]]\", \"description\": \" ([https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?params=53.18712;-2.88781_dim:2000 53.18712,-2.88781])\", \"marker-symbol\": \"-number-F502948\", \"marker-size\": \"medium\", \"marker-color\": \"#1c559e\" }, \"geometry\": {\"type\": \"Point\", \"coordinates\": [-2.88781,53.18712] } }, { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": { \"title\": \"25
[[Recorder's Steps]]
[[File:Recorder's Steps.jpg|250px]]\", \"description\": \" ([https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?params=53.18733;-2.88746_dim:2000 53.18733,-2.88746])\", \"marker-symbol\": \"-number-F502948\", \"marker-size\": \"medium\", \"marker-color\": \"#1c559e\" }, \"geometry\": {\"type\": \"Point\", \"coordinates\": [-2.88746,53.18733] } }, { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": { \"title\": \"26
Drum Tower
[[File:Drum Tower (cropped).jpg|250px]]\", \"description\": \" ([https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?params=53.18637;-2.88869_dim:2000 53.18637,-2.88869])\", \"marker-symbol\": \"-number-F502948\", \"marker-size\": \"medium\", \"marker-color\": \"#1c559e\" }, \"geometry\": {\"type\": \"Point\", \"coordinates\": [-2.88869,53.18637] } }, { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": { \"title\": \"27
Wall between the Drum Tower and Bridgegate
[[File:River Dee and City Wall, Chester - geograph.org.uk - 3227693.jpg|250px]]\", \"description\": \" ([https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?params=53.18629;-2.88896_dim:2000 53.18629,-2.88896])\", \"marker-symbol\": \"-number-F502948\", \"marker-size\": \"medium\", \"marker-color\": \"#1c559e\" }, \"geometry\": {\"type\": \"Point\", \"coordinates\": [-2.88896,53.18629] } }, { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": { \"title\": \"28
[[Bridgegate, Chester|Bridgegate]]
[[File:Bridgegate.jpg|250px]]\", \"description\": \" ([https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?params=53.18621;-2.88928_dim:2000 53.18621,-2.88928])\", \"marker-symbol\": \"-number-F502948\", \"marker-size\": \"medium\", \"marker-color\": \"#1c559e\" }, \"geometry\": {\"type\": \"Point\", \"coordinates\": [-2.88928,53.18621] } }, { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": { \"title\": \"29
Wall between Bridgegate and the former County Hall
[[File:Chester's City Walls - Grosvenor Road to Bridgegate ^13 - geograph.org.uk - 370045.jpg|250px]]\", \"description\": \" ([https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?params=53.18606;-2.8897_dim:2000 53.18606,-2.8897])\", \"marker-symbol\": \"-number-F502948\", \"marker-size\": \"medium\", \"marker-color\": \"#1c559e\" }, \"geometry\": {\"type\": \"Point\", \"coordinates\": [-2.8897,53.18606] } }, { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": { \"title\": \"30
Wall between former County Hall and Grosvenor Road
[[File:Chester's City Walls - Grosvenor Road to Bridgegate ^5 - geograph.org.uk - 368978.jpg|250px]]\", \"description\": \" ([https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?params=53.18496;-2.89345_dim:2000 53.18496,-2.89345])\", \"marker-symbol\": \"-number-F502948\", \"marker-size\": \"medium\", \"marker-color\": \"#1c559e\" }, \"geometry\": {\"type\": \"Point\", \"coordinates\": [-2.89345,53.18496] } }, { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": { \"title\": \"31
Wall between Grosvenor Road and Watergate
[[File:Chester racecourse - geograph.org.uk - 641229.jpg|250px]]\", \"description\": \" ([https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?params=53.18714;-2.89599_dim:2000 53.18714,-2.89599])\", \"marker-symbol\": \"-number-F502948\", \"marker-size\": \"medium\", \"marker-color\": \"#1c559e\" }, \"geometry\": {\"type\": \"Point\", \"coordinates\": [-2.89599,53.18714] } }, { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": { \"title\": \"32
[[Watergate, Chester|Watergate]]
[[File:Watergate, Chester.jpg|250px]]\", \"description\": \" ([https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?params=53.18936;-2.89739_dim:2000 53.18936,-2.89739])\", \"marker-symbol\": \"-number-F502948\", \"marker-size\": \"medium\", \"marker-color\": \"#1c559e\" }, \"geometry\": {\"type\": \"Point\", \"coordinates\": [-2.89739,53.18936] } }, { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": { \"title\": \"33
Wall between Watergate and Bonewaldesthorne's Tower
[[File:Chester City Walls from City Walls Road - geograph.org.uk - 450410.jpg|250px]]\", \"description\": \" ([https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?params=53.19086;-2.89793_dim:2000 53.19086,-2.89793])\", \"marker-symbol\": \"-number-F502948\", \"marker-size\": \"medium\", \"marker-color\": \"#1c559e\" }, \"geometry\": {\"type\": \"Point\", \"coordinates\": [-2.89793,53.19086] } }, { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": { \"title\": \"[[Chester Amphitheatre]]
\", \"description\": \" ([https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?params=53.1892;-2.887_dim:2000 53.1892,-2.887])\", \"marker-symbol\": \"-number-F502948\", \"marker-size\": \"medium\", \"marker-color\": \"#444433\" }, \"geometry\": {\"type\": \"Point\", \"coordinates\": [-2.887,53.1892] } }, { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": { \"title\": \"[[Chester Castle]]
[[File:Chester Castle - geograph.org.uk - 7346747.jpg|250px]]\", \"description\": \" ([https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?params=53.18529;-2.89261_dim:2000 53.18529,-2.89261])\", \"marker-symbol\": \"-number-F502948\", \"marker-size\": \"medium\", \"marker-color\": \"#777755\" }, \"geometry\": {\"type\": \"Point\", \"coordinates\": [-2.89261,53.18529] } }, { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": { \"title\": \"[[Chester Cathedral]]
[[File:Chester Cathedral ext Hamilton 005.JPG|250px]]\", \"description\": \" ([https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?params=53.1919;-2.8905_dim:2000 53.1919,-2.8905])\", \"marker-symbol\": \"-number-F502948\", \"marker-size\": \"medium\", \"marker-color\": \"#777755\" }, \"geometry\": {\"type\": \"Point\", \"coordinates\": [-2.8905,53.1919] } }, { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": { \"title\": \"\", \"description\": \" ([https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?params=1;1_dim:2000 1,1])\", \"marker-symbol\": \"-number-F502948\", \"marker-size\": \"medium\", \"marker-color\": \"#444433\" }, \"geometry\": {\"type\": \"Point\", \"coordinates\": [1,1] } } ] } ]"}}">
   
Map of central Chester, showing the line of the city walls and the gates, towers and wall sections of the medieval and post-medieval city.[10]
[Hide/Show the list of Gates, Towers and Wall sections]
1
Bonewaldesthorne's Tower
2
Spur Wall and Water Tower
3
Wall between Bonewaldesthorne's Tower and Pemberton's Parlour
4
Pemberton's Parlour
5
Wall between Pemberton's Parlour and St Martin's Gate
6
St Martin's Gate
7
Wall between St Martin's Gate and Morgan's Mount
8
Morgan's Mount
9
Wall between Morgan's Mount and Northgate
10
Northgate
11
Wall between Northgate and Phoenix Tower
12
Phoenix Tower
13
Wall between Phoenix Tower and Kaleyard Gate
14
Kaleyard Gate
15
Wall between Kaleyard Gate and Eastgate
16
Eastgate
17
Wall between Eastgate and Thimbleby's Tower
18
Thimbleby's Tower
19
Wall between Thimbleby's Tower and Old Newgate
20
Old Newgate
21
Newgate
22
Wall between Newgate and Barnaby's Tower
23
Barnaby's Tower
24
Wall between Barnaby's Tower and the Drum Tower
25
Recorder's Steps
26
Drum Tower
27
Wall between the Drum Tower and Bridgegate
28
Bridgegate
29
Wall between Bridgegate and the former County Hall
30
Wall between former County Hall and Grosvenor Road
31
Wall between Grosvenor Road and Watergate
32
ووترغيت
33
الجدار الفاصل بين بوابة ووترجيت وبرج بونوالدسثورن

بنيان

بُني البرج والجدار الداعم من حجارة رملية غير منتظمة . [ 1 ] يبلغ ارتفاع البرج حوالي 23 مترًا ، بينما يبلغ طول الجدار 30 مترًا ، وعرضه 3 أمتار ، وارتفاعه حوالي 7 أمتار . [ 5 ] يؤدي قوس في أسوار المدينة إلى 44 درجة حجرية تؤدي إلى البرج. الجدار مُسنّن ؛ وقد يكون هذا المثال الوحيد الباقي من التسنّنات التي تعود للعصور الوسطى على أسوار المدينة. [ 1 ] البرج دائري عند قاعدته، ويعلوه برج مربع، ويتكون من طابقين يحتويان على غرف مثمنة الشكل، أحدهما فوق الآخر. يؤدي قوس مدبب من الجدار إلى الغرفة السفلية. وفي الزاوية بين البرج والجدار، كان يوجد مرحاض صغير . تؤدي خمس درجات حجرية من القوس عبر الجدار (الذي يبلغ سمكه حوالي 4 أمتار ) إلى الغرفة السفلية. كانت جدرانها تحتوي سابقًا على فتحات للمدفعية ، لكنها أُغلقت ولا يمكن رؤيتها إلا من الخارج. يؤدي درج دائري مكون من 23 درجة إلى الحجرة العلوية، التي تحتوي جدرانها على أربع فتحات للمدفعية. وفوقها منصة قتال مرتفعة تُطل على مدخل البرج. قمة البرج مُسننة. [ 1 ] [ 5 ]      

انظر أيضاً

مراجع

  1. 1 2 3 4 هيئة التراث الإنجليزي ، "جدار سبير وبرج المياه، تشيستر (1376129)" ، قائمة التراث الوطني لإنجلترا ، تم الاطلاع عليه في 15 يوليو 2012
  2. 1 2 3 ثاكر، أ. ت.؛ لويس، س. ب. (محرران) (2005)، المباني الرئيسية: أسوار المدينة وبواباتها ، تاريخ مقاطعة تشيستر: مدينة تشيستر: الثقافة، المباني، المؤسسات، المجلد 5، الجزء 2، الصفحات 213-225 ، تم الاطلاع عليه في 11 أغسطس 2009  {{citation}}له |first2=اسم عام ( مساعدة )
  3. 1 2 3 وارد، سيمون (2009)، تشيستر: تاريخ ، تشيتشستر: فيليمور، ص 38، ISBN  978-1-86077-499-7
  4. ↑ أرقام التضخم لمؤشر أسعار المستهلك في المملكة المتحدةللفترة من 1209 إلى 2024، استنادًا إلى بيانات من "حاسبة التضخم" ، بنك إنجلترا ، لندن، 18 فبراير 2026 ، تم استرجاعها في 1 أبريل 2026
  5. 1 2 3 هارتويل، كلير؛ هايد، ماثيو؛ هوبارد، إدوارد ؛ بيفسنر، نيكولاس (2011) [1971]، تشيشاير ، مباني إنجلترا، نيو هيفن ولندن: مطبعة جامعة ييل ، ص 253-254 ، ISBN  978-0-300-17043-6
  6. ↑ برج المياه ، مجلس مدينة تشيستر ، تم الاطلاع عليه في 9 أغسطس 2009{{citation}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archiveal service ( link )
  7. ↑ ثاكر، أ. ت.؛ لويس، س. ب. (محرران) (2005)، الترفيه والثقافة: المتاحف ، تاريخ مقاطعة تشيستر: مدينة تشيستر: الثقافة، المباني، المؤسسات، المجلد 5، الجزء 2، الصفحات 294-297 ، تم الاطلاع عليه في 11 أغسطس 2009  {{citation}}له |first2=اسم عام ( مساعدة )
  8. ↑ موريس، ريتشارد (1993)، مباني تشيستر ، دوفر: آلان ساتون، ص 48، ISBN  0-7509-0255-8
  9. ↑ هل تستطيع تحمل ذلك؟! افتتاح معلم سياحي جديد مرعب بعنوان "مريض حتى الموت" أبوابه للجمهور ، مجلس تشيشاير ويست وتشيستر ، 3 أغسطس 2016 ، تم الاطلاع عليه في 6 أغسطس 2016
  10. ↑ "أسوار وأبراج وبوابات وأبواب مدينة تشيستر" . هيئة التراث الإنجليزي . تم الاطلاع عليه بتاريخ 19 نوفمبر 2025 .