نينو بورجانادزه

نينو بورجانادزي ( / niːˈnoʊbɜːr dʒ əˈnɑːd zeɪ / ؛ الجورجية : ნინო ბურჯანაძე [ nino buɾdʒanadze ] ؛ مواليد 16 يوليو​​​​​​ 1964) هي سياسية ومحامية جورجية شغلت منصب رئيسة برلمان جورجيا من نوفمبر 2001 إلى يونيو 2008. وباعتبارها أول امرأة، شغلت منصب القائم بأعمال رئيس دولة جورجيا مرتين؛ للمرة الأولى، من 23 نوفمبر 2003 إلى 25 يناير 2004 في أعقاب استقالة إدوارد شيفرنادزه خلال ثورة الورود ، ومرة ​​أخرى من 25 نوفمبر 2007 إلى 20 يناير 2008، بعد تنحي ميخائيل ساكاشفيلي للترشح في الانتخابات الرئاسية المبكرة . ثم انسحبت إلى صفوف المعارضة ضد ساكاشفيلي كزعيمة لحزب الحركة الديمقراطية - جورجيا الموحدة في عام 2008. وفي عام 2013، ترشحت للانتخابات الرئاسية ، متنافسةً مع 22 مرشحًا، وحصلت على المركز الثالث بنسبة 10% من الأصوات. ^{[ 1 ]}

وُلدت نينو بورجانادزه في كوتايسي ، التي كانت آنذاك جزءًا من جورجيا السوفيتية . تخرجت عام 1986 من كلية الحقوق بجامعة تبليسي الحكومية . بعد ذلك، تابعت دراستها في جامعة موسكو الحكومية ، حيث حصلت على درجة الدكتوراه في القانون الدولي عام 1990. وفي عام 1991، أصبحت أستاذة مشاركة في كلية القانون الدولي بجامعة تبليسي الحكومية. في الوقت نفسه، عملت كمستشارة خبيرة في القانون الدولي لدى برلمان جورجيا ووزارة حماية البيئة والموارد الطبيعية.

In 1995, Burjanadze was elected to the Parliament of Georgia for the Union of Citizens of Georgia (UCG) then chaired by the President of GeorgiaEduard Shevardnadze and supported financially by her father Anzor Burjanadze, a wealthy businessman. She first chaired the Parliamentary Committee for Constitutional Law from 1998 to 1999, and the Parliamentary Committee for International Relations from 2000 to 2001. During these years, she became known as a supporter of pro-Western values and a proponent of Georgia's integration with NATO and the European Union. She was closely allied with the reformist wing within the UCG led by Mikheil Saakashvili and Zurab Zhvania whom she succeeded on 9 November as parliamentary chairperson after Zhvania resigned on 1 November 2001.

Although she gave Shevardnadze strong support in his dealings with foreign countries (particularly with Russia), she spoke out forcefully against the corruption and inefficiency of his government's domestic policy, declaring it "absolutely incompetent." She left the UCG in 2002, forming an opposition party called the Burjanadze-Democrats to fight the November 2003 parliamentary elections.

After the rigged parliamentary elections of 2 November 2003, she joined other opposition leaders in denouncing the election results and urging mass demonstrations against Shevardnadze. The terms of the Georgian constitution automatically made her the acting president when Shevardnadze resigned on 23 November. This became known as the Rose Revolution. One of Burjanadze's first actions was to appeal for national unity and repeal the state of emergency declared by Shevardnadze, in an effort to restore stability to a country with a long history of political violence. She was an obvious candidate for the post, as she is widely respected by her compatriots - opinion polling in 2003 showed her to be one of Georgia's three most popular political figures.

On 4 January 2004, Mikhail Saakashvili won the pre-term presidential elections with an overwhelming majority. He was inaugurated on 25 January. A new parliament was elected on 28 March, with Burjanadze resuming her old post as Speaker on 22 April.

Following a political crisis in late 2007, Saakashvili called for new parliamentary and presidential elections for January 2008. In order to contest the presidential election, Saakashvili announced his resignation effective 25 November 2007, with Burjanadze becoming acting president for a second time (until the election returned Saakashvili to office on 20 January 2008).^[2]

Burjanadze was designated to lead the United National Movement party list for the parliamentary elections scheduled on 21 May 2008, but on 21 April she announced, in a surprise move, that she would not seek reelection due to a lack of consensus in the compilation of the National Movement's party list.^[3] Burjanadze's term as a parliamentary chairperson expired with the new legislature's inaugural session on 7 June 2008, when she was succeeded by David Bakradze.^[4]

In June 2008, Burjanadze announced she would set up a think tank that would serve as "a new form of being in politics."^[5] The organization — the Foundation for Democracy and Development (FDD) — was inaugurated in Tbilisi on 7 July 2008.^[6]

On 27 October 2008, in the aftermath of the 2008 South Ossetia war between Russia and Georgia, Burjanadze announced the establishment of "a clear-cut opposition party" called Democratic Movement–United Georgia.^[7]

On 28 November 2008, in an interview with Russia's Vesti news channel, Russia's NATO envoy Dmitry Rogozin accused the United States of planning to replace Saakashvili with Burjanadze as president of Georgia.^[8]

On 23 March 23, 2009, the Georgian interior ministry confirmed, that 10 of the activists from Burjanadze's party, Democratic Movement–United Georgia had been arrested. Burjanadze accused Saakashvili of arranging the arrests to intimidate the opposition. Burjanadze said the arrests marked the start of a "punitive campaign" by the government against the opposition, ahead of the mass protest planned for 9 April to demand Saakashvili's resignation.

• ترى بورجانادزه، فيما يتعلق بالرموز السوفيتية، أنه لا ينبغي حظرها، إذ قاتل الجنود الجورجيون في الجيش الأحمر تحت راية هذه الرموز خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية . وفي عام 2018، صرّحت قائلةً: "حارب نصف العالم النازيين برموز سوفيتية. وبدلاً من حظرها، ينبغي على الدولة التركيز على مشاكل اليوم والكفّ عن التصرّف بحماقة". ^{[ 13 ]}

بورجانادزه متزوجة من بادري بيتسادزه ، الرئيس السابق لإدارة الدفاع الحدودي للدولة الجورجية، الذي تنحى عن منصبه بعد فترة وجيزة من تحول بورجانادزه السياسي. ولديهما ولدان. ​​وإلى جانب اللغة الجورجية ، تتقن الروسية والإنجليزية .

• نينو بورجانادزه (سيرة ذاتية رسمية). برلمان جورجيا .