Harry F. Guggenheim

Harry Frank Guggenheim (August 23, 1890 – January 22, 1971) was an American businessman, diplomat, publisher, philanthropist, aviator, and horseman.
Early life
He was born August 23, 1890, in the West End section of Long Branch, New Jersey.[1] He was the second son of Florence (née Shloss) Guggenheim (1863–1944) and Daniel Guggenheim.[2] He had an older brother, U.S. Ambassador to PortugalMeyer Robert Guggenheim, and a younger sister, Gladys Guggenheim Straus. His father who assumed control of the Guggenheim family enterprises after his grandfather's death in 1905,[2] and his mother was a co-founder, and president, of the Guggenheim Foundation as well as the treasurer of the Women's National Republican Club from its inception in 1921 to 1938.[3]
He graduated in 1907 from the Columbia Grammar School in Manhattan, and then he attended the Sheffield Scientific School of Yale University. He later left Yale and served a three-year apprenticeship at the American Smelting and Refining Company in Mexico. The company was owned by the Guggenheim family. He resumed his education in 1910 at England's Pembroke College at Cambridge University from which he was awarded a B.A. and an M.A., both in 1913.[1]
Career
In 1917, he bought a Curtiss flying boat and moved to Manhasset, New York. In September 1917, he joined the United States Navy Reserve and served overseas in France, England and Italy as a member of the First Yale Unit during World War I.[4]
In 1920, Guggenheim wrote a response to the criticism of the living conditions in the copper mine of Chuquicamata, owned by the Guggenheim's Chile Exploration Company, which had been published in a 1917 book by Laura Jorquera.[5]
In 1924, his parents established the Daniel and Florence Guggenheim Foundation and he was made a director and later president. He sponsored Robert H. Goddard's private research into liquid fuel rocketry and space flight.[6] He provided funds for the establishment of the first Guggenheim School of Aeronautics at New York University in 1925. Guggenheim became president of the Daniel Guggenheim Fund for the Promotion of Aeronautics a year later. This fund, totaling $3 million, included an equipment loan for operating the first regularly scheduled commercial airline in the United States. It also provided for the establishment of the first weather reporting exclusively for passenger airplanes.
Guggenheim was inducted into the National Aviation Hall of Fame in 1971 for his service to aviation.[7]
Military career
In World War I, he was commissioned Lt. J. G., USNRF, and was sent to France. He also served in England and Italy until the Armistice, when he left the Navy with the rank of Lt. Commander. Guggenheim was a lieutenant commander.[8] In World War II, he was recalled to active duty in the Navy and served in the South Pacific as a tail gunner on a torpedo bomber.[9] Guggenheim rose to the rank of captain by the end of the war.
Public service
Guggenheim was the United States ambassador to Cuba from 1929 until his resignation in 1933. According to his obituary, "much of his time during that period was devoted to prevailing on the Cuban dictator‐president, Gen. Gerardo Machado y Morales, "not to murder too many of his political enemies", as Mr. Guggenheim later put it.[1]
In 1929, President Herbert Hoover appointed Guggenheim to serve on the National Advisory Committee of Aeronautics, a position that he held until 1938. In 1948, as president of the Daniel and Florence Guggenheim Foundation, he continued to support United States aviation progress when he helped organize the Daniel and Florence Guggenheim Jet Propulsion Center at the California Institute of Technology and the Guggenheim Laboratories for Aerospace Propulsion Sciences at Princeton University.[1]
Thoroughbred horse racing
كان غوغنهايم أحد مؤسسي جمعية سباقات نيويورك . ومنذ عام 1929، كان مالكًا ومربيًا بارزًا لخيول السباق الأصيلة . شارك إسطبله "كين هوي" في سباقات بالولايات المتحدة، وكان يملك العديد من الخيول الناجحة، بما في ذلك " دارك ستار" ، الفائز بسباق كنتاكي ديربي عام 1953 ، وهو الحصان الوحيد الذي هزم الحصان الأسطوري "نيتيف دانسر" ، و "بالد إيغل" ، الفائز بجائزة إكليبس . كما كان مربيًا ومالكًا (حتى وفاته) للحصان "آك آك" ، الذي تم إدخاله إلى قاعة مشاهير سباقات الخيول الأصيلة ، وحصل على لقب حصان العام الأمريكي عام 1971. [ 1 ]
نيوزداي
أسس غوغنهايم، مع زوجته الثالثة، أليسيا باترسون ، صحيفة نيوزداي في عام 1940. وكان غوغنهايم رئيسًا للشركة، بينما كانت زوجته محررة وناشرة حتى وفاتها في عام 1963، ثم تولى هو تلك المهام حتى عام 1967. وبلغ توزيع نيوزداي 450 ألف نسخة وحصلت على جائزة بوليتزر في عام 1954. [ 1 ]
في عام ١٩٦٧، سلّم غوغنهايم منصب الناشر إلى بيل مويرز ، واستمرّ في منصبي الرئيس ورئيس التحرير. إلا أن غوغنهايم شعر بخيبة أمل من التوجه الليبرالي للصحيفة تحت إدارة مويرز، منتقدًا التغطية "اليسارية" لاحتجاجات حرب فيتنام. [ ١٠ ] [ ١١ ] واختلف الرجلان حول الانتخابات الرئاسية لعام ١٩٦٨، حيث وقّع غوغنهايم على افتتاحية تدعم ريتشارد نيكسون ، بينما دعم مويرز هوبرت همفري . [ ١٢ ] وباع غوغنهايم حصته الأكبر لشركة تايمز ميرور، التي كانت آنذاك محافظة، بعد محاولة موظفي الصحيفة منع البيع، رغم أن مويرز عرض ١٠ ملايين دولار أكثر من سعر شراء تايمز ميرور؛ واستقال مويرز بعد أيام قليلة. [ ١٠ ] [ ١٣ ] [ ١٤ ] وحرم غوغنهايم، الذي توفي بعد عام، مويرز من الميراث في وصيته. [ ١٥ ]
الحياة الشخصية

في العاشر من نوفمبر عام ١٩١٠، تزوج غوغنهايم من هيلين روزنبرغ في منزل عائلة روزنبرغ الكائن في ١٦٦ غرب شارع ٧٨. كانت هيلين ابنة هيرمان روزنبرغ. [ ١٦ ] قبل طلاقهما عام ١٩٢٣، كان لديهما ابنتان: [ ١ ]
- Joan Guggenheim (1912–2001), a captain in the Women's Auxiliary Air Force who served in the Pacific in World War II.[17] She married Albert Van de Maele.[18]
- Nancy Guggenheim (1916–1973), an author and ballet teacher who first married George T. Draper, a grandson of Charles A. Dana.[19] She later married lawyer Thomas J. Williams.[20]
His second marriage was on February 3, 1923, to Caroline (née Morton) Potter (1882–1952), a daughter of Paul Morton, the former vice president of the Santa Fe Railroad who served as Secretary of the Navy under President Theodore Roosevelt. Caroline, the former wife of William Chapman Potter (president of the Guaranty Trust Co. who had done business with Guggenheim in 1920), was also the niece of Joy Morton, founder of Morton Salt, and a granddaughter of Julius Sterling Morton, who had served as Secretary of Agriculture under President Grover Cleveland.[21] Before their divorce in July 1939, they were the parents of one daughter:[1]
- Diane Guggenheim (1924–1991), who married four times; first to singer John Meredith Langstaff,[22] then Robert Guillard, followed by the Irish journalist William Meek, and, lastly, to John Darby Stolt.[23]
On July 1, 1939, Guggenheim married for the third time to Alicia (née Patterson) Brooks (1906–1963) in Jacksonville, Florida. Alicia, the former wife of U.S. RepresentativeJames Simpson Jr. and football coach Joseph W. Brooks, was a daughter of Joseph Medill Patterson (founder of the New York Daily News) and sister of James Joseph Patterson.[24]
Guggenheim died of cancer on January 22, 1971, at "Falaise",[25] his home at Sands Point on Long Island, New York.[26] He was buried in Salem Fields Cemetery in Brooklyn, New York.[1]
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "هاري غوغنهايم يرحل؛ مؤسس نيوزداي كان يبلغ من العمر 80 عامًا" . صحيفة نيويورك تايمز . 23 يناير 1971. تم الاطلاع عليه بتاريخ 15 أبريل 2020 .
- 1 2 "وفاة دانيال غوغنهايم المفاجئة عن عمر يناهز 74 عامًا إثر مرض في القلب؛ فاعل خير، ورأسمالي، وراعي للفنون، يرحل عن عالمنا في منزله في بورت واشنطن. أسس صندوقًا لعلوم الطيران، وقدم هبة قدرها 2,500,000 دولار، مما شكل أساسًا لأبحاث هامة. كان متبرعًا سخيًا للعديد من الجمعيات الخيرية. جمع ثروة طائلة من التعدين. كان صديقًا للعمال، وله اهتمامات واسعة في الصناعة. وقد أشاد به قادة في مجالات عديدة. حياة حافلة بالعطاء. دانيال غوغنهايم يرحل فجأة عن عمر يناهز 74 عامًا. بدأ العمل في سويسرا. كان رائدًا في مجال الأعمال. بنى العديد من العلاقات التجارية. كان إنسانيًا متحمسًا. مُحبًا للفن. أسس مدرسة لعلوم الطيران. رحل فاعل الخير. أشاد البريطانيون بغوغنهايم. أشادت الصحف بمساهماته في مجال الطيران . " صحيفة نيويورك تايمز . 29 سبتمبر 1930. تم الاطلاع عليه بتاريخ 10 أبريل 2020 .
- ↑ "قصر فلورنسا غوغنهايم" . jwa.org . أرشيف المرأة اليهودية . مؤرشف من الأصل في 10 أبريل 2020. تم الاطلاع عليه في 10 أبريل 2020 .
- ↑ تريمبل ، ويليام ف. (2002). جيروم سي. هانساكر وصعود صناعة الطيران الأمريكية . مؤسسة سميثسونيان. ص 224. ISBN 1-58834-006-6.
- ^ غونزاليس بيزارو، خوسيه أنطونيو (2023). "شوكيكاماتا. رمز مكان في التاريخ الاجتماعي والسياسي في تشيلينا" [ شوكيكاماتا. رمزية المكان في التاريخ الاجتماعي والسياسي التشيلي . حوار أندينو (بالإسبانية). دوى : 10.4067/s0719-26812023000100152 .
- ↑ ليمان، ميلتون (4 أكتوبر 1963). "كيف ساهم ليندبيرغ في تطوير علم الصواريخ" . مجلة لايف . 55 (14): 118 وما بعدها. ISSN 0024-3019 . تاريخ الاطلاع: 15 مارس 2010 .
- ↑ ""غوغنهايم، هاري فرانك، طيار بحري، تم تكريمه عام 1971" . مؤرشف من الأصل في 29 أكتوبر 2021. تم الاطلاع عليه في 13 أكتوبر 2021 .
- ↑ "قاعة مشاهير الطيران الوطنية" . مؤرشف من الأصل في 29 أكتوبر 2021. تم الاطلاع عليه في 13 أكتوبر 2021 .
- ↑"Harry Guggenheim Dead; Newsday Founder Was 80," New York Times obituary, Jan. 23, 1971, p. 1
- 12"The Press: How Much Independence?". Time. April 27, 1970. Archived from the original on October 30, 2010. Retrieved February 15, 2010.
- ↑Keeler, Robert F. (1990). Newsday: a candid history of the respectable tabloid. Morrow. pp. 460–61. ISBN 1-55710-053-5.
- ↑"Newsday Goes For Nixon, But Moyers Balks". Chicago Tribune. October 17, 1968. Archived from the original on May 11, 2011. Retrieved February 15, 2010.
- ↑"Moyers Resigns Post at Newsday". The New York Times. May 13, 1970. Retrieved February 15, 2010.
- ↑Raymont, Henry (March 13, 1970). "Newsday Employes Seek to Block Sale of the Paper". New York Times. Retrieved February 15, 2010.
- ↑"$12 Million Left to Charity by Guggenheim". Chicago Tribune. January 30, 1971.
- ↑"H. F. Guggenheim Is A Bridegroom; Son of Mr. and Mrs. Daniel Guggenheim Married to Miss Helen Rosenberg. MISS RENA WILSONV A BRIDE Wedded In Floral Bower at Sherry's to Mortimer D. Stein of Chicago--Parcells-Hoxie Nuptials In Brooklyn". The New York Times. November 10, 1910. Retrieved April 14, 2020.
- ↑"Paid Notice: Deaths VAN DE MAELE, JOAN". The New York Times. September 14, 2001. Retrieved April 15, 2020.
- ↑"Paid Notice: Deaths VAN DE MAELE, ALBERT C."The New York Times. January 19, 1999. Retrieved April 15, 2020.
- ↑"NANCY GUGGENHEIM WED TO G.T. DRAPER; Daughter of Former Envoy to Cuba Married in Home at Port Washington STUDENT OF THE BALLET Graduate of Columbia School of Business--Bridegroom Served in Spain". The New York Times. March 2, 1939. Retrieved April 15, 2020.
- ↑"Mrs. Nancy Williams". The New York Times. January 4, 1973. Retrieved April 15, 2020.
- ↑"MRS. POTTER WEDS H. F. GUGGENHEIM; Daughter of Late Paul Morton Married to Son of Head of Mining Interests". The New York Times. February 4, 1923. Retrieved April 15, 2020.
- ↑"DIVORCES JOHN LANGSTAFF; Wife of Baritone Was Diane Guggenheim, Envoy's Daughter". The New York Times. July 12, 1947. Retrieved April 15, 2020.
- ↑Kelly, John (May 26, 2001). "Fine boys they were back then". The Irish Times. Retrieved April 15, 2020.
- ↑"Harry Guggenheim Weds Mrs. Brooks; Ex-Envoy to Cuba Marries the Daughter of Joseph Medill Patterson in Florida". The New York Times. July 2, 1939. Retrieved April 14, 2020.
- ↑L, Zach (July 19, 2008). "Falaise". OLD LONG ISLAND. Retrieved April 15, 2020.
- ↑"Falaise – home of Harry Guggenheim". Archived from the original on June 24, 2006. Retrieved June 3, 2006.
Further reading
- Dirk Smillie. The Business of Tomorrow: The Visionary Life of Harry Guggenheim: From Aviation and Rocketry to the Creation of an Art Dynasty (2021) Pegasus BooksISBN 978-1643134208
- Bowen, Edward L.Legacies of the Turf: A Century of Great Thoroughbred Breeders (2003) Eclipse PressISBN 978-1-58150-102-5
External links
- Works by or about Harry F. Guggenheim at the Internet Archive
- Harry F. Guggenheim at Find a Grave
- Harry F. Guggenheim Letters, 1930-1932 MS 409 held by Special Collection & Archives, Nimitz Library at the United States Naval Academy
- Harry Guggenheim standing second from right, during a gathering of the Guggenheim Fund Board for Aeronautics. Sitting second from left is Daniel Guggenheim, whom the fund was named after, with Orville Wright next to him. Standing behind Wright is Charles Lindbergh.
- 1890 births
- 1971 deaths
- Alumni of Pembroke College, Cambridge
- United States Navy personnel of World War I
- United States Navy reservists
- 20th-century American philanthropists
- Guggenheim family
- Ambassadors of the United States to Cuba
- American racehorse owners and breeders
- New York Racing Association executives
- Medill–Patterson family
- People from Long Branch, New Jersey
- Deaths from cancer in New York (state)
- New York (state) Republicans
- Burials at Salem Fields Cemetery
- People from Manhasset, New York
- Yale School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni
- Philanthropists from New York (state)
- Columbia Grammar & Preparatory School alumni
