كارلو بونابرت

كارلو ماريا بونابرت (27 مارس 1746 - 24 فبراير 1785)، المعروف أيضًا باسم كارلو ماريا دي بونابرت وشارل ماري بونابرت ، كان محاميًا ونبيلًا ومسؤولًا كورسيكيًا ، اشتهر بكونه والد نابليون بونابرت وجد نابليون الثالث من جهة الأب .

كان في البداية من مؤيدي استقلال كورسيكا ، وعمل لفترة وجيزة مساعدًا لباسكوالي باولي ، حيث حارب ضد جمهورية جنوة ، ثم قاوم الغزو الفرنسي . [ 1 ] بعد أن ضمت فرنسا كورسيكا، انضم إلى النظام الجديد، وفي عام 1777، أصبح ممثل الجزيرة في بلاط لويس السادس عشر . بعد عشرين عامًا من وفاته، أصبح ابنه الثاني الباقي على قيد الحياة، نابليون، إمبراطورًا للفرنسيين ، ورفع العديد من إخوته إلى مرتبة ملكية من خلال الزواج والألقاب النبيلة.

وقت مبكر من الحياة

وُلد كارلو بونابرت عام 1746 في أجاكسيو ، كورسيكا ، التي كانت آنذاك جزءًا من جمهورية جنوة ، لوالده جوزيبي ماريا بونابرت ووالدته ماريا سافيريا بارافيتشيني (1715-1750). [ 2 ] [ 3 ] كان لديه أخت أكبر منه، ماريا جيرترود (مواليد 1741)، وأخ يُدعى سيباستيانو (مواليد 1743). في عام 1749، مثّل والد كارلو مدينة أجاكسيو في مجلس الكورتي . تعود أصول عائلة بونابرت إلى توسكانا . [ 4 ] شغل سلف كارلو، غولييلمو دي بونابرت، منصبًا في المجلس البلدي لفلورنسا الذي كان خاضعًا لسيطرة الغيبيلينيين في القرن الثالث عشر. عندما استولى فصيل الغويلفيين على السلطة، فرّ هو وعائلته إلى سارزانا . [ 5 ] في القرن السادس عشر، أبحر فرانشيسكو دي بونابرت، سليل غولييلمو، من ليغوريا إلى كورسيكا بحثًا عن حياة جديدة. [ 4 ]

Carlo initially followed in his father’s footsteps. He studied to be a lawyer at University of Pisa. Still, following a substantial inheritance from his father’s death, he left before earning his degree to tend to his inheritance and take charge of family responsibilities. On 2 June 1764, he married fourteen-year-old Maria Letizia Ramolino: the Ramolinos descended from noble Lombard antecedents and were established in Corsica for 250 years.[5] Their marriage was arranged by their families. Economic convenience was one of several factors considered while arranging the match, the main considerations being cultural compatibility in matters such as speech dialect, church habits, food habits, attire, and other family traditions. Buonaparte’s new wife brought a dowry of thirty-one acres of land, including a mill and bakery, which yielded an annual income of roughly £10,000.[6]

French takeover

For a period after his marriage at Ajaccio on 2/7 June 1764, he worked as a secretary and personal assistant to Pasquale Paoli. He had a son, Napoleone, who died in infancy in 1765, as did a daughter.[7] Paoli sent him to Rome to negotiate with Pope Clement XIII in 1766. He had enjoyed his time in Rome, up until being forced for reasons unknown back to Corsica in 1768 – though he had possibly enjoyed an affair with a married woman during his stay, which led to his departure.[7] At the time of his return, the Republic of Genoa had offered Corsica to Louis XV as payment for a debt. The French were eager to obtain the strategically placed island to protect their own coasts, and Genoa was equally keen to relinquish control given their inability to resist growing independence movements.[7] Political upheaval followed as France gained ownership of Corsica, and many of Paoli's supporters had to flee to the mountains. Buonaparte and his family, now boasting newborn Giuseppe, who was the first child to survive infancy,[8] were included. The family eventually returned to the town, where Buonaparte's wife gave birth to a fourth child, Napoleone.[8]

Soon after the French acquisition of the island, Carlo Buonaparte embraced the new government. He was appointed Assessor of the Royal Jurisdiction of Ajaccio and the neighbouring districts on 20 September 1769. Shortly after that, he became a Doctor of Law at the University of Pisa on 27 November 1769.

Rise to prominence

In April 1770, the French administration created a Corsican Order of Nobility. Buonaparte became an advocate of the Superior Council of Corsica on 11 December 1769 and a Substitute Procurator of the King of France in Ajaccio in October 1770. Buonaparte already possessed the title of a "Noble Patrician of Tuscany" (Nobile Patrizio di Toscana) since 1769 by permission of the Archbishop of Pisa due to his ancestry, and had his nobility confirmed on 13 September 1771. He then became the assessor of the Royal Jurisdiction of Ajaccio in February 1771, Deputy of the Nobility in the General States of Corsica on 13 September 1771, Member of the Council of the Twelve Nobles of Dila (Western Corsica) in May 1772, Deputy of the Nobility of Corsica at the Royal French Court in July 1777 and finally he was named Corsica's representative to the Court of Louis XVI at Versailles in 1778.[9]

Despite being honoured with many titles, Buonaparte's dissatisfied nature led him to embark on risky business enterprises. He made many claims on land and money through legal means, but his success was limited, and he burned through his finances rapidly. His apparent fondness for gambling worsened his monetary difficulties. Buonaparte noted his situation in his account book: "In Paris, I received 4,000 francs from the King and a fee of 1,000 crowns from the government, but I came back without a penny." By 1782, Buonaparte was growing weak and suffering from constant pain. He travelled to Montpellier to seek proper medical care. Nothing could be done to quell the effects of what was believed to be stomach cancer,[10] the same disease that may have killed his son Napoleon.[11] Buonaparte died on 24 February 1785,[12] and, due to his frivolous spending, left his surviving wife and eight children penniless. Jérôme, his youngest son, was born three months before he died.

Issue

Carlo Buonaparte by Girodet (1805)

أسفر زواج كارلو بونابرت من ليتيزيا رامولينو عن إنجاب ثلاثة عشر طفلاً بين عامي 1765 و1784؛ توفي خمسة منهم، اثنان عند الولادة وثلاثة في مرحلة الرضاعة. ونجا ثمانية أطفال. [ 13 ]

Ancestry

Direct ancestors of Carlo Buonaparte[19][20]

Ancestors of Carlo Buonaparte
8. Giuseppe Maria Buonaparte (1663–1703)
4. Sebastiano Nicola Buonaparte (1683–1720/60)
9. Maria Colonna di Bozzi (1668–1704)
2. Giuseppe Maria Buonaparte (1713–1763)
10. Carlo Tusoli di Bocognano (1663–1703)
5. Maria Anna Tusoli di Bocognano (1690–1760)
11. Isabella di Bocognano (1668–1724)
1. Carlo Maria Buonaparte (1746–1785)
12. Francesco Maria Paravicini (1663–1703)
6. Giuseppe Maria Paravicini
13. Geromina Baciocchi (1668–1724)
3. Maria Saveria Paravicini (1715–bef. 1750)
14. Angelo Agostino Salineri (1663–1724)
7. Maria Angela Salineri
15. Francetta Merezano (1668–1724)

Notes

  1. Gallo, Max (2011). Napoleon 1: The Song of Departure. Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-230-76579-5.
  2. Richardson 1920, p. 85.
  3. "Family tree of Maria Saveria Paravicini".
  4. 12McLynn 1998, p. 2.
  5. 12Stroud 2014, p. 2.
  6. Harvey 2009, p. 58.
  7. 123Harvey 2009, p. 59.
  8. 12Harvey 2009, p. 60.
  9. Seward 1986, p. 9.
  10. Herold 2002, p. 18.
  11. McLynn 1998, p. 656.
  12. McLynn 1998, p. 41.
  13. McLynn 1998, p. 4.
  14. Bartel, P. (1954). La jeunesse inédite de Napoléon: d'après de nombreux documents. Présence de l'histoire (in French). Amiot-Dumont.
  15. Garros, L. (1947). Itinéraire de Napoléon Bonaparte, 1769–1821 (in French). Éditions de l'Encyclopédie Française.
  16. L'Intermédiaire des chercheurs et curieux (in French). 1981.
  17. ^ دي بروتون، إل. (1893). تحالفات بونابرت وآخرون (بالفرنسية). إي.شارافاي. ص. 10. 
  18. ^ فولكمان، جان تشارلز (1998). Généalogies des rois et des Princes (بالفرنسية). طبعات جان بول جيسيروت. ص. 99. ردمك  978-2-87747-374-3.
  19. فهرس الأنساب 2003 .
  20. نابليون والإمبراطورية 2021 .

مراجع