Leopold Fellerer

📅 آخر تحديث: ٤ أغسطس ٢٠٢٦
✍️ نُشر في: ٤ أغسطس ٢٠٢٦
📷 يحتوي على 2 صور
الموسوعة الحرة

Leopold "Poldi" Fellerer (7 June 1919 – 16 July 1968) was a Luftwaffenight fighterace and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross during World War II. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross, and its variants were the highest awards in the military and paramilitary forces of Nazi Germany during World War II.

Early life and career

Fellerer, the son of a Beamter, was born on 7 June 1919 in Vienna, Austria. In 1937, he applied for service in the Austrian Air Force but was rejected and joined the Army where he served with Infanterieregiment 3. Following the Anschluss, the annexation of Austria into Nazi Germany on 12 March 1938, Fellerer applied for service in the Luftwaffe and was again rejected. As a member of Infanterieregiment 131, an infantry regiment of the 44th Infantry Division, he participated in the annexation of Sudetenland.[1]

In November 1938, following two further applications, he was accepted for flight training.[Note 1] He was selected to become a bomber pilot and completed his training at a Kampffliegerschule (Combat pilot school). In April 1940, Fellerer was promoted to Leutnant (second lieutenant) and posted to the Kampffliegerschule-Ergänzungsgruppe, a supplementary training unit for bomber pilots.[3]

World War II

A map of part of the Kammhuber Line. The 'belt' and night fighter 'boxes' are shown.

Following the 1939 aerial Battle of the Heligoland Bight, bombing missions by the Royal Air Force (RAF) shifted to the cover of darkness, initiating the Defence of the Reich campaign.[4] By mid-1940, Generalmajor (Brigadier General) Josef Kammhuber had established a night air defense system dubbed the Kammhuber Line. It consisted of a series of control sectors equipped with radars and searchlights and an associated night fighter. Each sector, named a Himmelbett (canopy bed), would direct the night fighter into visual range with target bombers. In 1941, the Luftwaffe started equipping night fighters with airborne radar such as the Lichtenstein radar. This airborne radar did not come into general use until early 1942.[5]

Night fighting

Fellerer was posted to II. Gruppe (2nd group) of Nachtjagdgeschwader 1 (NJG 1—1st Night Fighter Wing) as Technical Officer.[6] He claimed his first victory on 11 February 1941, a Handley Page Hampden bomber X3001 of No. 49 Squadron north of Alkmaar.[7] He was transferred to 4. Staffel of NJG 1 in June 1941. On 16 June, his Messerschmitt Bf 110 D-0 "G9+DM" was hit by the defensive gunfire from the RAF Vickers WellingtonW5447 from No. 218 Squadron. The combat took place over the North Sea west of Den Helder. Fellerer and his radio operator Oberfeldwebel Heinz Hätscher returned to Bergen airfield.

On 10 October 1942, Fellerer was made Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 3. Staffel of NJG 1. Due to a redesignation, this squadron became the 5. Staffel of Nachtjagdgeschwader 5 (NJG 5—5th Night Fighter Wing) on 1 December 1942.[8] Promoted to Hauptmann, Fellerer became Gruppenkommandeur (group commander) of II. Gruppe of NJG 5 in February 1944.[9] During this period, Fellerer raised his score to 18 victories.

In January 1944, Fellerer claimed two United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) heavy bombers in daylight- a Consolidated B-24 Liberator on 4 January, and a Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress on 11 January. On the night of 20/21 January 1944 he claimed five Royal Air Force (RAF) bombers. He was then awarded the German Cross in Gold (Deutsches Kreuz in Gold) on 5 February 1944.[8]

After 34 victories Hauptmann Fellerer was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) on 8 April 1944. On 10 May 1944, II. Gruppe of NJG 5 became the III. Gruppe of Nachtjagdgeschwader 6 (NJG 6—6th Night Fighter Wing), which continued to lead.[10]

During August–October 1944, Fellerer and III./NJG 6 also flew operations to counter supply operations from Italy to the Polish Home Army uprising in Warsaw. He claimed two Douglas DC-3s and two Liberators during this time, his final aerial victory coming in October 1944.

In 450 missions Leopold Fellerer claimed 41 aerial victories, 39 of them at night. 32 were four engine heavy bombers.[Note 2]

Later life

Plaque for officers of the Second Republic of Austria who died in the line of duty

During the 1950s, he served with the Austrian Air Force, becoming Commander of the Langenlebarn Airbase in Tulln on the Danube, retiring as an Oberstleutnant. Leopold Fellerer died on 15 July 1968 in an air crash, his Cessna L-19 coming down near Krems.[11]

Summary of career

Aerial victory claims

Foreman, Parry and Mathews, authors of Luftwaffe Night Fighter Claims 1939 – 1945, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 40 nocturnal victory claims.[12] Mathews and Foreman also published Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, listing Fellerer with 36 claims, including one four-engined bomber by day, plus four further unconfirmed claims.[13]

Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 75884". The Luftwaffe grid map (Jägermeldenetz) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about 360 square miles (930 km2). These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area 3 km × 4 km (1.9 mi × 2.5 mi) in size.[14]

Chronicle of aerial victories
  This and the ♠ (Ace of spades) indicates those aerial victories which made Fellerer an "ace-in-a-day", a term which designates a fighter pilot who has shot down five or more airplanes in a single day.
  This and the ? (question mark) indicates information discrepancies listed in Luftwaffe Night Fighter Claims 1939 – 1945 and in Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims.
ClaimDateTimeTypeLocationSerial No./Squadron No.
– 5. Staffel of Nachtjagdgeschwader 1 –[15]
111 February 194103:50Hampden10 km (6.2 mi) north of Alkmaar[16]
– 4. Staffel of Nachtjagdgeschwader 1 –[15]
212 October 194122:17Halifax3 km (1.9 mi) south of Wons[17]
– 5. Staffel of Nachtjagdgeschwader 2 –[13]
37 November 194122:35Stirlingover sea, 8 km (5.0 mi) southwest of Bergen[18]
427 February 194221:38Whitley25 km (16 mi) north-northeast of Aurich[19]
529 March 194201:02Stirling[20]PQ 75884, over sea
68 May 194204:51Hudson1 km (0.62 mi) southwest of Den Helder[21]Hudson V8981/No. 320 (Netherlands) Squadron RAF
79 June 194202:15Wellington3 km (1.9 mi) northeast of Petten[22]
89 June 194202:19Wellingtonnorthwest of Callantsoog[22]
930 June 194203:02Halifaxsouth of Hoorn[23]
1029 August 194200:30StirlingAichelbach[24]
119 September 194200:34WellingtonNackenheim[25]
12?[Note 3]9 December 194221:52Whitley
133 October 194322:57Lancaster40 km (25 mi) south of Kassel[27]
1422 October 194321:07Lancaster15 km (9.3 mi) north of Kassel[28]
15?[Note 3]26 November 1943
—
Lancaster[29]
16?[Note 3]26 November 1943
—
Lancaster[29]
17?[Note 3]2 December 1943
—
Lancaster[30]
182 December 194319:36LancasterWesendorf[30]
192 December 194320:15LancasterBerlin[30]
– Stab II. Gruppe of Nachtjagdgeschwader 5 –[31]
206 January 194403:27B-24[32]
2111 January 194413:00B-17[33]Quakenbrück-Meppen
2214 January 194419:20Lancaster[33]
2314 January 194419:45Lancaster[34]
24♠20 January 194419:40Halifax[35]Halifax LW337[36]
25♠20 January 194419:50Halifax[35]
26♠20 January 194419:58Halifax[35]
27♠20 January 194420:05Halifax[35]
28♠20 January 194420:11Lancaster[35]
2929 January 194403:01Halifax[37]
3029 January 194403:15Halifax[37]
3115 February 194420:46HalifaxLake Schwerin[38]
3228 April 194401:30HalifaxMulhouse[39]
3328 April 194402:20HalifaxBorensen[40]
– Stab III. Gruppe of Nachtjagdgeschwader 6 –[31]
344 July 194401:50Halifax15 km (9.3 mi) northeast of Kaposvár[41]
357 July 194401:45Lancastereast of Marburg[42]
367 July 194402:05Wellingtonnorth of Laibach[42]
3721 July 194423:42Bostonwest of Brod[43]
3820 August 194423:50B-24north of Laibach[44]
3919 September 194420:26DC-3[45]
4020 October 194422:21B-24Szombathely[46]

Awards

Notes

  1. ↑Flight training in the Luftwaffe progressed through the levels A1, A2 and B1, B2, referred to as A/B flight training. A training included theoretical and practical training in aerobatics, navigation, long-distance flights and dead-stick landings. The B courses included high-altitude flights, instrument flights, night landings and training to handle the aircraft in difficult situations. For pilots destined to fly multi-engine aircraft, the training was completed with the Luftwaffe Advanced Pilot's Certificate (Erweiterter Luftwaffen-Flugzeugführerschein), also known as the C-Certificate.[2]
  2. ↑For a list of Luftwaffe night fighter aces see List of German World War II night fighter aces.
  3. 1234According to Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, this claim was unconfirmed while Luftwaffe Night Fighter Claims 1939 – 1945 confirm this claim.[26][15]

References

Citations

  1. ↑Berger & Habisohn 2003, p. 36.
  2. ↑Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003, p. 17.
  3. ↑Berger & Habisohn 2003, p. 37.
  4. ↑Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 9.
  5. ↑Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 27.
  6. ↑Bowman 2016a, p. 34.
  7. ↑Bowman 2016a, p. 27.
  8. 12MacLean 2007, p. 126.
  9. ↑Aders 1978, p. 229.
  10. ↑Aders 1978, p. 230.
  11. ↑Bowman 2016a, p. 244.
  12. ↑Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, pp. 16–220.
  13. 12Mathews & Foreman 2014, pp. 303–304.
  14. ↑Planquadrat.
  15. 123Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 303.
  16. ↑Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 16.
  17. ↑Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 31.
  18. ↑Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 32.
  19. ↑Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 35.
  20. ↑Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 37.
  21. ↑Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 40.
  22. 12Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 44.
  23. ↑Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 48.
  24. ↑Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 56.
  25. ↑Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 58.
  26. ↑Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, pp. 62, 129, 130.
  27. ↑Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 119.
  28. ↑Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 124.
  29. 12Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 129.
  30. 123Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 130.
  31. 12Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 304.
  32. ↑Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 139.
  33. 12Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 140.
  34. ↑Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 141.
  35. 12345Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 142.
  36. ↑Spiegel Online—Search for Clues.
  37. 12Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 144.
  38. ↑Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 148.
  39. ↑Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 171.
  40. ↑Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 172.
  41. ↑Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 196.
  42. 12Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 198.
  43. ↑Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 203.
  44. ↑Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 210.
  45. ↑Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 217.
  46. ↑Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 220.
  47. ↑Patzwall 2008, p. 75.
  48. ↑Patzwall & Scherzer 2001, p. 111.
  49. ↑Fellgiebel 2000, p. 150.
  50. ↑Scherzer 2007, p. 305.

Bibliography

  • Aders, Gebhard (1978). History of the German Night Fighter Force, 1917–1945. London: Janes. ISBN 978-0-354-01247-8.
  • Berger, Florian; Habisohn, Christian (2003). Ritterkreuzträger im Österreichischen Bundesheer 1955–1985[Knight's Cross Bearers of the Austrian Armed Forces 1955–1985] (in German). Vienna, Austria: Selbstverlag Florian Berger. ISBN 978-3-9501307-2-0.
  • Bergström, Christer[in Swedish]. "Bergström Black Cross/Red Star website". Identifying a Luftwaffe Planquadrat. Archived from the original on 22 December 2018. Retrieved 9 September 2019.
  • Bergström, Christer[in Swedish]; Antipov, Vlad; Sundin, Claes (2003). Graf & Grislawski – A Pair of Aces. Hamilton MT: Eagle Editions. ISBN 978-0-9721060-4-7.
  • Bowman, Martin (2016a). Nachtjagd, Defenders of the Reich 1940–1943. Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Pen and Sword Books. ISBN 978-1-4738-4986-0.
  • Bowman, Martin (2016b). German Night Fighters Versus Bomber Command 1943–1945. Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Pen and Sword Aviation. ISBN 978-1-4738-4979-2.
  • Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer[in German] (2000) [1986]. Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile[The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. ISBN 978-3-7909-0284-6.
  • Foreman, John; Parry, Simon; Mathews, Johannes (2004). Luftwaffe Night Fighter Claims 1939–1945. Walton on Thames: Red Kite. ISBN 978-0-9538061-4-0.
  • MacLean, French L (2007). Luftwaffe Efficiency & Promotion Reports: For the Knight's Cross Winners. Atglen, Pennsylvania: Schiffer Military History. ISBN 978-0-7643-2657-8.
  • Mathews, Andrew Johannes; Foreman, John (2014). Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims — Volume 1 A–F. Walton on Thames: Red Kite. ISBN 978-1-906592-18-9.
  • Obermaier, Ernst (1989). Die Ritterkreuzträger der Luftwaffe Jagdflieger 1939 – 1945[The Knight's Cross Bearers of the Luftwaffe Fighter Force 1939 – 1945] (in German). Mainz, Germany: Verlag Dieter Hoffmann. ISBN 978-3-87341-065-7.
  • Patzwall, Klaus D.; Scherzer, Veit (2001). Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941 – 1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II[The German Cross 1941 – 1945 History and Recipients Volume 2] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. ISBN 978-3-931533-45-8.
  • Patzwall, Klaus D. (2008). Der Ehrenpokal für besondere Leistung im Luftkrieg[The Honor Goblet for Outstanding Achievement in the Air War] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. ISBN 978-3-931533-08-3.
  • Scherzer, Veit (2007). Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives[The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-938845-17-2.
  • "Spurensuche: Der letzte Flug der Halifax LW 337"[Search for Clues: The Last Flight of the Halifax LW 337]. Spiegel Online (in German). 15 October 2008. Retrieved 12 September 2019.