قائمة بالمواقع التاريخية في فينيكس

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الموسوعة الحرة

هذه قائمة، تتضمن معارض صور، لبعض المباني والمعالم التاريخية المتبقية ذات الأهمية التاريخية في مدينة فينيكس بولاية أريزونا الأمريكية. وتشمل صورًا لعقارات تم تحديدها من خلال مسوحات العقارات التاريخية الأفريقية والآسيوية والإسبانية لمدينة فينيكس، مع التركيز على تاريخ فينيكس من عام 1870 إلى عام 1975.

مع ذلك، لا تقتصر هذه القائمة على المباني والمعالم التاريخية فحسب، بل تشمل أيضًا معالم تاريخية، بعضها مُدرج في السجل الوطني للأماكن التاريخية، مثل أطلال بويبلو غراندي ومواقع الري ومركز دير فالي لفنون الصخور . تحتوي هذه المواقع على آثار وهياكل تعود إلى شعب هوهوكام الذين سكنوا منطقة مدينة فينيكس الحالية قبل وصول المستوطنين من غير السكان الأصليين.

لعب سد جوينت هيد المهجور والقنوات القديمة التي بناها الرواد الأوائل من أصول أوروبية دورًا هامًا في ري وتطوير مدينة فينيكس والمناطق المحيطة بها. تظهر في الصورة أطلال سد جوينت هيد المهجور الذي شُيّد عام ١٨٨٤. كما تظهر في الصورة القناة الكبرى، وهي أقدم قناة في فينيكس والتي بناها الرواد عام ١٨٧٧، وقناة أولد كروسكت التي شُيّدت عام ١٨٨٨.

تتضمن هذه القائمة صورًا لمدافن شخصيات بارزة دُفنت في مقابر فينيكس التاريخية، ممن كان لهم دور تاريخي هام في فينيكس وأريزونا. ووفقًا لتعريف "جمعية مقابر الرواد"، فإن "المقبرة التاريخية" هي التي يزيد عمرها عن خمسين عامًا. ومن بين المقابر المذكورة مقبرة كروسكت المهجورة، التي أُنشئت عام ١٨٧٠، وهي بذلك أقدم مقبرة في فينيكس، بالإضافة إلى منتزه الرواد والنصب التذكاري العسكري ، المُدرج في السجل الوطني للأماكن التاريخية.

فيما يلي بعض المتاحف في فينيكس التي تعرض صورًا لقطع أثرية ذات أهمية تاريخية. ومن بينها متحف ترام فينيكس الذي يعرض عربة الترام التاريخية رقم 116. كما يضم المتحف متحف مارتن للسيارات الذي يعرض سيارات من عام 1886 فصاعدًا، ومتحف الآلات الموسيقية.

تم إدراج لافين ومنطقة صنيسلوب بشكل منفصل لأن هاتين المنطقتين كانتا منطقتين أراد مواطنوهما إعلان المناطق كمدن مستقلة، ولكن تم دمج مناطقهم بدلاً من ذلك في مدينة فينيكس.

فينيكس

زجاجة بيرة على رصيف حانة جيم كوتون - 1885

فينيكس هي عاصمة ولاية أريزونا الأمريكية وأكبر مدنها . [ 1 ] تأسست فينيكس كمدينة عام 1881، بعد أن كانت مدينة قائمة عام 1867 بالقرب من نهر سولت عند ملتقاه مع نهر جيلا . تضم المدينة العديد من المواقع التاريخية المدرجة في السجل الوطني للأماكن التاريخية . كما يوجد 33 معلمًا وموقعًا سياحيًا في فينيكس تُعتبر من أبرز معالم المدينة، وقد صُنفت هذه المعالم ضمن " معالم فخر فينيكس " [ 2 ] ، أو أنها مدرجة في سجل فينيكس للمواقع التاريخية. أُنشئ سجل فينيكس للمواقع التاريخية عام 1986، وهو السجل الرسمي للمدينة للمواقع التاريخية وما قبل التاريخية التي تستحق الحفظ. بعض هذه المواقع مُدرجة في كل من السجل الوطني للأماكن التاريخية وسجل فينيكس للمواقع التاريخية. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ]

تُعدّ ساحة التراث التاريخية جزءًا من منتزه التراث والعلوم في الطرف الشرقي من وسط المدينة. وهي تضم المجموعة الوحيدة المتبقية من المباني السكنية من الموقع الأصلي لمدينة فينيكس. [ 7 ] وتُرفق صور هذه المباني مع وصف موجز لكل منها.

طائر الفينيق المتلاشي

منزل كلينتون كامبل

بحسب روبرت أ. ميليكيان، مؤلف كتاب "فينيكس المتلاشية" ، لا يملك مكتب الحفاظ على التراث في فينيكس صلاحية رفض تراخيص الهدم. لذا، يحق لمالك أي عقار، سواءً كان مُدرجًا في السجل الوطني للأماكن التاريخية أو سجل فينيكس للعقارات التاريخية، هدم هذا العقار التاريخي. [ 8 ] وقد هُدمت أحياء بأكملها، مثل حي غولدن غيت ، حيث سكن أفراد من الأقليات. فقد هُدم كلٌ من منزل الحاكم الإقليمي السابق جوزيف كيبي، الكائن في 1334 شارع إي جيفرسون، والذي كان مسكنًا وعيادة للدكتور وينستون سي. هاكيت ، أول طبيب أمريكي من أصل أفريقي في أريزونا، والمبنى الكائن في 1342 شارع إي جيفرسون، حيث أسس هاكيت مستشفى بوكر تي. واشنطن التذكاري. [ 9 ] [ 10 ] يُعد فندق سانت جيمس التاريخي مثالًا على مبنى مُدرج في السجل الوطني للأماكن التاريخية، والذي سيتم هدمه، على الرغم من احتجاجات جماعات الحفاظ على التراث، لإفساح المجال أمام موقف سيارات لكبار الشخصيات لحاملي التذاكر الموسمية لفريق فينيكس صنز . ومن بين العقارات المُدرجة في السجل الوطني للأماكن التاريخية والتي تم هدمها ما يلي: [ 11 ]

  • مستودع جمعية مزارعي الحمضيات في أريزونا - 601 شارع جاكسون الشرقي.
  • منزل من الطوب الخرساني – 618-620 شمال الجادة الرابعة.
  • بقالة هيغيرا – 923 جنوب الجادة الثانية.
  • مستودع شركة لايتنينج ديليفري - 425 شارع إي جاكسون.
  • شركة أوفرلاند أريزونا – 12 شمال الجادة الرابعة.
  • منزل القاضي دبليو إتش ستيلويل – 2039 شارع مونرو الغربي.
  • منزل كلينتون كامبل – 361 شمال الجادة الرابعة.

بعض المنازل والمباني التاريخية المدرجة في السجل الوطني للأماكن التاريخية و/أو سجل فينيكس للممتلكات التاريخية مدرجة أيضًا في "قائمة المواقع التاريخية المهددة بالخطر"، الصادرة عن ائتلاف أحياء فينيكس التاريخية. هذه المباني عرضة للتخريب وعوامل التعرية. ومن بين المباني المهملة والمعرضة لخطر الاندثار في المستقبل القريب ما يلي: [ 12 ]

  • نُزُل شتاينيغر، الذي بُني عام 1889 ويقع في 27 شارع إي مونرو.
  • منزل ويليام ر. نورتون، الذي تم بناؤه عام 1895 ويقع في 2222 غرب شارع واشنطن.
  • منزل تشارلز بو ، الذي بُني عام 1897 ويقع في 356 شمال الجادة الثانية / 362 شمال الجادة الثانية. (يُظهر السجل الحالي المنزل بالرقم 356، بينما كان مُسجلاً بالرقم 362 في السجلات القديمة).
  • منزل لويس إيمرسون، الذي تم بناؤه عام 1902 ويقع في 623 شارع نورث فورث.
  • المنزل ذو الطوب الخرساني، الذي تم بناؤه عام 1908 ويقع في 606 شمال شارع 9.
  • منزل لايتون جي. نيب، الذي تم بناؤه عام 1909 ويقع في 1025 شمال الجادة الثانية.
  • منزل مزرعة ساكس-ويبستر، الذي تم بناؤه عام 1909 ويقع في الركن الشمالي الغربي من شارع 75th Avenue وشارع Baseline.
  • منزل سارة بيمبرتون، الذي تم بناؤه عام 1920 ويقع في 1121 شمال شارع 2.
  • منزل السيدة نيل، الذي تم بناؤه عام 1920 ويقع في 102 شارع إيست ويليتا.

أطلال بويبلو غراندي

يُعدّ موقع بويبلو غراندي الأثري بقايا قرية هوهوكام التي تعود إلى عصور ما قبل التاريخ، والتي يعود تاريخها إلى عام 450 قبل الميلاد. ولأسباب غير معروفة، هُجر الموقع بحلول عام 1450 ميلادي. هذه بعض آثار مباني هوهوكام التي تم اكتشافها، وتقع في متحف بويبلو غراندي والمنتزه الأثري .

سد وقنوات جوينت هيد

عندما استقر الرواد من أصول أوروبية في فينيكس، كانت المنطقة صحراوية في معظمها. استلهم مستوطنون مثل جاك سويلينغ من قنوات هوهوكام القديمة. وسرعان ما بدأ الرواد بحفر الخنادق لنقل المياه من نهر سولت لريّ مزارعهم. وفي نهاية المطاف، تأسست شركات بناء القنوات، مثل شركة قناة أريزونا التي شُكّلت في ديسمبر 1882، والتي قامت ببناء القنوات الحالية في المنطقة. بُني سد جوينت هيد عام 1884، في الموقع الذي حفر فيه جاك سويلينغ خندقه، المعروف باسم "خندق سويلينغ"، حيث يقع نهر سولت. خدم السد القناة الكبرى (التي بُنيت عام 1878) ثم قناة أولد كروسكت (التي بُنيت عام 1888). وقد تقرر أن سد جوينت هيد المهجور مؤهل للإدراج في السجل الوطني للأماكن التاريخية بموجب المعيار "أ" لارتباطه بتاريخ استصلاح الأراضي ذي الأهمية المحلية، وبالتالي، فهو مورد من موارد القسم 4 (و). [ 13 ]

ساحة التراث

تقع ساحة التراث في فينيكس في ما كان يُعرف سابقًا بالقطعة رقم 14 من الموقع الأصلي لمدينة فينيكس. يعود تاريخ الساحة إلى العصر الفيكتوري في أواخر القرن التاسع عشر. أُدرج موقع المدينة في السجل الوطني للأماكن التاريخية في 7 نوفمبر 1978، برقم مرجعي: 78000550. كما يقع في الساحة التاريخية منزل الدكتور رولاند لي روسون (1895)، الذي يُعد الآن متحفًا تاريخيًا يعود إلى العصر الفيكتوري ، وورشة بيرد للآلات (1920)، وكلاهما مُدرج بشكل منفصل في السجل الوطني للأماكن التاريخية. [ 14 ]

المباني والمنشآت

يضم هذا القسم المباني التاريخية المدرجة إما في السجل الوطني للأماكن التاريخية أو في سجل فينيكس للممتلكات التاريخية. أقدم هذه المباني، والذي لا يزال قائماً ويُستخدم، هو "مبنى فرايز" الذي شُيّد عام 1885. أما أقدم فندق، والذي اكتمل بناؤه عام 1893 ولا يزال يُستخدم حتى اليوم، فهو "فندق وندسور".

كما يشمل هذا القسم هياكل تاريخية مثل "صوامع حبوب مزرعة هيرد"، المدرجة في سجل المواقع التاريخية التاريخية، بالإضافة إلى منصة عرض معرض ولاية أريزونا التي بُنيت في أوائل القرن العشرين، و"نفق الجادة السابعة عشرة" و"نفق الجادة المركزية"، وكلاهما مؤهل للإدراج في السجل الوطني للأماكن التاريخية. [ 15 ]

Houses of religious worship

Many of the historic houses of religious worship, such as the "First Presbyterian Church" (1892), are listed in the National Register of Historic Places. Others, such as the "Tanner Chapel A.M.E. Church" (1929), have been designated historic by the Phoenix Historic Property Register. The Tanner Chapel A.M.E. Church, one of the oldest African-American churches in the state, is the only Arizona church where civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. is known to have given a sermon. Houses of religious worship such as the "First Mexican Baptist Church" (1920), Phoenix's oldest Hispanic church, are recognized as historic by surveys, as in the case of the Hispanic American Historic Property Survey of the City of Phoenix.

Educational institutions

The first school in Phoenix was established in 1873. It was known as the Little Adobe School and it was located in 202 N. Central Avenue where the San Carlos Hotel currently stands. Schools were segregated then and therefore, so were many of the historic schools on this list. The Phoenix Indian School was established in 1891 under the federal "assimilation" policy which sought to regimentalize and culturally exterminateNative American students.[26] African-American students were only allowed to attend racially segregated schools such as the Dunbar School which was built in 1925, the Phoenix Union Colored High School (Later renamed George Washington Carver High School) built in 1926, and the Booker T. Washington Elementary School built in 1928.

19th century historic houses

Some of these houses meet the National Register criteria for evaluation. The quality of significance in American history, architecture, archeology, engineering, and culture is present in districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects that possess integrity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association and that are associated with the lives of persons significant in Phoenix's past. The following prominent people who at one time or another lived in Phoenix and whose houses are listed here are:

  • Clinton Campbell, a locally prominent builder who worked in Phoenix. His house however, was demolished in 2017.
  • Phillip "Lord" Darrell Duppa. Duppa is credited with naming "Phoenix" and "Tempe" and the founding of the town of New River.
  • Burgess A. Hadsell, Hadsell, together with William J. Murphy, promoted the temperance colony of Glendale, Arizona in the western Salt River Valley.
  • William John Murphy. Murphy created the Arizona Improvement Company in 1887 and bought land in areas that would eventually become the towns of Peoria and Glendale of Arizona.
  • William R. Norton. Norton founded the Sunnyslope subdivision of Phoenix and designed the Carnegie Library, the city's first library, and the Gila County Courthouse in Globe, Arizona.
  • William Osborn, one of Phoenix's first homesteaders.
  • Judge Charles A. Tweed. Judge Tweed was appointed an Associate Justice to the Arizona Territorial Supreme Court. Tweed then moved to Arizona Territory and was appointed to serve two terms as an Associate Justice of the Arizona Territorial Supreme Court.

20th century historic houses

The following prominent people who at one time or another lived in Phoenix and whose houses are listed here are:

  • Dr. Charles "Charley" Borah, an Americanathlete, who won the gold medal in the 4 × 100 m relay at the 1928 Summer Olympics.[29]
  • Jorgine Slettede Boomer, the widow of Lucius Boomer, a successful hotelier. Her house was designed by Frank Lloyd Wright.
  • Dr. George Brockway, a physician who served as the Pinal County Superintendent of Public Health as well as two terms as Mayor of Florence.
  • L. Ron Hubbard, the founder of the Church of Scientology religion.
  • John McCain, a statesman who served as a United States Senator from Arizona from January 1987 until his death. He previously served two terms in the United States House of Representatives and was the Republican nominee for President of the United States in the 2008 election.
  • Colonel James McClintock, whose full name was "James Henry McClintock", was a veteran of the United States Army who served in the Spanish–American War. He moved to Arizona and served as state historian from 1917 through 1922. He was also one of the founders of the Arizona Republican newspaper, now The Arizona Republic.
  • Dr. James C. Norton, the territorial veterinarian.
  • Wing F. Ong, the first person born in China to be elected to a state legislative house.
  • Henry E. Pierce, who served as County Assessor during the 1920s and was secretary to Governor John C. Phillips from 1929 until 1932. He was chairperson of the Maricopa County Republican Central Committee. In addition to his political activities, Pierce was a partner in the real estate firm of Jacobs & Pierce.
  • Aubrey and Winstona Aldridge. Winstona Hackett was the daughter of Dr. Winston Hackett the first African-American doctor in the area, and her husband Aubrey Aldridge.
  • William Wrigley Jr., the Chewing-gum magnate whose mansion in Phoenix is known by some people as "La Colina Solana".

Historic African, Asian and Hispanic properties

The City of Phoenix conducted various historic property surveys focusing on the themes of African, Asian and Hispanic history in Phoenix from 1870 to 1975. The purpose of the surveys was to identify the number and locations of minority associated historic properties citywide and to document their significance to their community. The surveys were funded by the Phoenix Historic Preservation Bonds funds as well as a Certified Local Government grant received from the National Park Service through the Arizona State Historic Preservation Office. While the National Register of Historic Places Criteria is only concentrated on the properties of these communities prior to 1955, the study included in the surveys take into consideration the significance of the struggle for civil rights and equality. Therefore, the properties which were involved in ending segregation in Phoenix are also included.[32][33][34]

The areas covered in the African American Historic Property Survey are 1. East – the region south of Van Buren Avenue to the Southern Pacific Railroad tracks, east of Central Avenue to 24th Street; 2. West – the region south of Grant Avenue to the Salt River, west of 7th Avenue to 19th Avenue; and 3. South – the region south of the Salt River to Southern Avenue, east of 16th Street to 28th Street.[32]

The areas covered in the Asian American Historic Property Survey are spread throughout Phoenix and not concentrated in one area. The concentration of the areas depends on the nationality from which they are descended, such as Chinese, Japanese, Filipino and Asian Indian.[33]

The areas covered in the Hispanic American Historic Property Survey are the regions south of the Southern Pacific Railroad tracks to the Salt River, east of Central Avenue to 24th Street; west of Central Avenue to 27th Avenue and south of the Salt River to Baseline, east to 48th Street and west to 35th Avenue. One of the structures considered as iconic is the Sacred Heart Church which is located in 920 S. 17th St. The church was built in 1900 in what was once a Hispanic neighborhood called "Golden Gate". The City of Phoenix forced the residents of the community in question to move and demolished the entire neighborhood. The reason given for this act was that the city needed the land to expand Sky Harbor Airport. The church was added to National Register of Historic Places on March 20, 2012. Reference number 12000124.[35][34]

The following prominent people who at one time or another lived in Phoenix and whose houses are listed here are:

African Americans
  • Judge Hazel Burton Daniels – Daniels was the first African American elected to the Arizona legislature and was the first African-American municipal judge in Phoenix, serving as such from 1965 to 1971.
  • Dr. Lincoln Johnson Ragsdale Sr. and Eleanor D. Ragsdale – The Ragsdales were influential leader in the Phoenix Civil Rights Movement. They played an instrumental role in the reforms made of voting rights and the desegregation of schools, neighborhoods and public housing.
  • Charles Smith – Smith was the only African-American blacksmith in Phoenix in the early 1920s.
  • John Ford Smith – Smith is the only Arizonan known to have played in the national Negro Baseball Leagues. In 1941 Smith joined the Kansas City Monarchs, a team that won its third straight pennant in the Negro American League that year. Smith worked for Phoenix Union High School, served as director of Eastlake Park, and eventually became assistant vice president of human resources at the Arizona Bank. He was active in civil rights issues and served as director of the Arizona Civil Rights Commission.[36]
  • Travis L. Williams – Williams was one of the founders of Williams and Jones Construction Company which built homes primarily in South Phoenix. From 1964 to 1989 he worked for the City of Phoenix where he retired as the head of the Human Resources Department. He was a member of several service and civic organizations including the NAACP and Southminster Presbyterian Church.[37]
Asian Americans
  • Dea Hong Toy – Toy was born in China and moved to Phoenix in 1923. He was a successful merchant. Toy was among those in the Asian community of Phoenix who in 1938 founded the Chinese Chamber of Commerce to protect and promote their businesses.
  • Wing F. Ong – Ong lived in a house in the rear of his grocery store which is listed here. He ran for the state House of Representatives as a Democrat in 1946 and was elected, the first Chinese American in the country to achieve such status. Over the course of his career, he was elected twice to the state House and once to the state Senate.
  • Lee Jew – Jew was a Chinese merchant who owned the "Lee Jew Market" on E. Jefferson St. He was influential as a leader in the Phoenix Chinese community.
Hispanic/Latin-Americans
  • Vincente Canalez – In 1945 Canalez was selected to serve as Maricopa County chairman to fight infantile paralysis, and served on the City of Phoenix's planning commission in the 1950s. He moved to the Arizona town of Buckeye in 1957, and served as mayor of Buckeye in 1960.
  • Valdemar Aguirre Cordova – Cordova served as the first Mexican American Maricopa County Superior Court judge, from 1965 to 1967, and then appointed to a second term in 1976 by Governor Raul Castro.
  • Jesus Franco – The Spanish-language newspaper, El Sol, emerged in 1938 under the leadership of Jesús Franco, who became a very well-known individual in the Mexican community.
  • Albert and Mary Garcia – Albert Garcia was Arizona's first Hispanic Assistant Attorney General. María García was an activist for social issues.
  • Placida Garcia Smith – Placida Garcia Smith founded the "Friendly House" in the mid-1920s as a two-room "community house" where classes in English, citizenship, hygiene and homemaking were taught to Mexican residents.
  • Rudolf Zepeda – Zepeda was the first Hispanic official at Valley National Bank in the 1950s, serving as the vice-president for foreign trade.
  • Adam Perez Diaz – In 1954, Diaz became the first Hispanic elected to the Phoenix City Council and also served as Vice-Mayor. President Bill Clinton appointed Diaz to the National Council on Aging

Arizona Biltmore Hotel

Arizona State Capitol Museum

Bennitt Mansion

Mystery Castle

Scorpion Gulch

Squaw Peak Inn

Westward Ho Hotel

Wrigley Mansion

Central Avenue Corridor

The north and south sides of the Central Avenue Corridor of Phoenix are lined with historical houses and buildings. These are the images of those properties. Some are listed in the National Register of Historic Places and some are listed in the Phoenix Historic Properties Register. There are also some historic properties which are listed in both registers.

Cemeteries

The Pioneers' Cemetery Association (PCA) defines an "historic cemetery" as one which has been in existence for more than fifty years.[42] There are various historic cemeteries which were established in the late 19th century. These cemeteries serve as the final resting place of various notable citizens of Arizona. Among which can be found pioneers, governors, congressman, government officials, journalists, race car drivers, soldiers, actors and actresses.

The four historic cemeteries listed are:

  • Crosscut Cemetery sometimes referred to the Williams Crosscut Cemetery – Established in 1870.
  • Pioneer and Military Memorial Park – Seven historic cemeteries founded in 1884.
  • St. Francis Catholic Cemetery – Established in 1897
  • Greenwood/Memory Lawn Mortuary & Cemetery – Established in 1906.

Crosscut Cemetery

The Crosscut Cemetery, a.k.a. the Williams Crosscut Cemetery, was established in 1870 by John Wesley and Amanda "Manda" Williams. The historic cemetery, which at the time was located in the desert far from central Phoenix, is the oldest pioneer cemetery in Phoenix.[43] It is located in what is now the corner of 48th St. and East. Van Buren St. Many of the headstones are missing and some of the graves vandalized. The cemetery, which continues to belong to the Williams family, has a locked gate and a chained-linked fence with barbered wire surrounding it.[44]

Pioneer and Military Memorial Park

The Pioneer and Military Memorial Park is the official name given to seven historic cemeteries in Phoenix. The cemeteries were founded in 1884 in what was known as "Block 32". On February 1, 2007, "Block 32" was renamed Pioneer and Military Memorial Park.

St. Francis Catholic Cemetery

St. Francis Catholic Cemetery, established in 1897, is one of the oldest in the city. Its inhabitants represent pioneer families, community and business leaders, miners, those who succumbed to tuberculosis, and others who helped write the history of Phoenix and Arizona. Margaret Geare of Dublin, Ireland, who was buried on October 12, 1897, is believed to be the first to be buried in the cemetery. The cemetery is located at 2033 N. 48th Street.

Greenwood/Memory Lawn Mortuary & Cemetery

Greenwood/Memory Lawn Mortuary & Cemetery is the final resting place of various notable people. Among them are three Arizona Territory Governors, six Arizona State Governors, a Secretary of Arizona Territory, the founder of Glendale, Arizona, the 1958 Indianapolis 500 winner and a journalist.

Winnie Ruth Judd was a native of Indiana who worked in Phoenix as a medical secretary. Judd was accused of murdering and dismembering the bodies of her two roommates, friends Agnes Anne LeRoi and Hedvig Samuelson. The prosecutors in her trial alleged that she placed the dismembered parts of the bodies in two trunks (suitcases) and took them to Los Angeles. According to prosecutors, the murders were committed by Judd and an accomplice, Phoenix businessman John "Happy Jack" Halloran, whom she claimed was her lover. Her trial was marked by sensationalized nationwide newspaper coverage, who referred to Judd as "The Trunk Murderess". She was pronounced guilty and sentenced to death by hanging. The sentence she received raised debate about capital punishment. Days before her execution Winnie Ruth was called back to the courtroom for an insanity hearing. In 1933, she was found to be insane and moved from prison to the Arizona State Mental Hospital.[47]

The historic properties pictured are all either directly or indirectly related to Judd and the infamous crime. Three of the buildings are listed in the National Register of Historic Places, two of the houses are located in the Historic Roosevelt District which is listed in the National Register of Historic Places and the house where the murders took place was once listed in the "enDangered Dozen Historic Places List," released by the Phoenix Historic Neighborhoods Coalition.[48] It is now in the process of restoration and will be used to house a law firm.

Landmarks

Among the landmarks that are pictured and included in this article are the Deer Valley Rock Art Center and Papago Park. The Deer Valley Rock Art Center, also known as the Hedgpeth Hills Petroglyph Site and the Sonoran Desert preserve, is a 47-acre archaeological site containing over 1500 Hohokam, Patayan, and Archaic petroglyphs.[49] The petroglyphs are between 500 and 7,000 years old,[50] and at least one source dates the petroglyphs to 10,000 years ago.[51] The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984, and it was also listed with the Phoenix Points of Pride. A museum designed by Will Bruder was constructed on the site in 1994.[52][53][54][55]

Papago Park is a hilly desert park covering 1200 acres in its Phoenix extent and 296 acres in its Tempe extent. It is where the Desert Botanical Garden, the Phoenix Zoo, and Hunt's Tomb, the pyramidal tomb of Arizona's first governor, George W. P. Hunt are located.

Deer Valley Rock Art Center(Hedgpeth Hills Petroglyph Site)

Papago Park

The Desert Botanical Garden, Hole-in-the-Rock and Hunt's tomb are located in Papago Park. Papago Park was listed in the Phoenix Historic Property Register in October 1989. The Desert Botanical Garden is designated as a Phoenix Point of Pride. The Webster Auditorium is listed in the National Register of Historic Places.

Museums

A museum is a building or place where objects of historical, artistic, or scientific interest are exhibited, preserved, or studied. There are many museums in Phoenix, among them the Heard Museum, an art museum which serves as a showcase for Native American culture and the Phoenix Art Museum, which showcases artwork since the Renaissance.

This section of the list includes the Pioneer Living History Museum and the Phoenix Trolley Museum. The Pioneer Living History Museum has 30 historic original and reconstructed buildings from the 1880s and early 1900s on its 90-acre property. The main exhibit of the Phoenix Trolley Museum is the historic trolley car #116, a restored 1928 trolley which served the original Phoenix trolley system.

This section also includes images of cars exhibited in the Martin Auto Museum and some of the historic musical instruments on exhibit in the Musical Instrument Museum. The Martin Auto Museum is dedicated to the preservation of historical and collectible automobiles for educational purposes and the Musical Instrument Museum, which bills itself as "The World's Only Global Musical Instrument Museum", displays more than 6,500 instruments collected from around 200 of the world's countries and territories. Among the exhibits is the Steinway piano that John Lennon used to compose the song "Imagine", Elvis Presley's guitar, a 1900 Cuatro, and displays dedicated to various countries.[56]

Pioneer Living History Museum

Phoenix Trolley Museum

Martin Auto Museum

Musical Instrument Museum

Laveen

Laveen, an urban village within the city of Phoenix, which was first settled by farmers and dairymen in 1884. In the early 1900s, Walter E. Laveen and his family homesteaded an area encompassing all four corners of present-day 51st Avenue and Dobbins Road, where they also built the area's first general store –the Laveen Store –on the southeast corner.[61] Two properties in Laveen are listed in the National Register of Historic Places.

Sunnyslope District

The Sunnyslope community is a long-established cohesive neighborhood within the borders of the city of Phoenix. It has its own "small town" identity and a sense of place that is a point of pride embraced by community members. Sunnyslope has attempted to be incorporated as its own town on four occasions but failed every time. In 1959 the City of Phoenix annexed the community of Sunnyslope. Most of the structures of historic significance have been razed.[62][63]

Miscellaneous

See also

Historic structures in Phoenix with articles

References

  1. ↑"Phoenix QuickFacts from US Census Bureau". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on June 21, 2012. Retrieved September 11, 2012.
  2. ↑National Register of Historic Places
  3. ↑Phoenix historic buildings.
  4. ↑Phoenix historic homes.
  5. ↑"Phoenix Historic Property Register". Archived from the original on April 27, 2013. Retrieved July 29, 2013.
  6. ↑"Phoenix Historic Homes in Historic Districts Arizona". dwellarizona.com. Retrieved January 14, 2017.
  7. ↑"Heritage Park". Archived from the original on August 3, 2013. Retrieved July 29, 2013.
  8. ↑Robert A. Melikian, Vanishing Phoenix, Arcadia Publishing ISBN 978-0738578811, p. 127.
  9. ↑"Arizona Informant". Archived from the original on September 25, 2017. Retrieved September 25, 2017.
  10. ↑"Color Blind Care". Archived from the original on September 7, 2015. Retrieved September 25, 2017.
  11. ↑"Vanishing Downtown Phoenix". Archived from the original on September 21, 2013. Retrieved September 20, 2013.
  12. ↑Endangered Historic Phoenix Home
  13. ↑"Central Phoenix/East Valley Corridor: Environmental Impact Statement, Volume 2"; Published: 2002; Original from: Northwestern University
  14. ↑Heritage Square
  15. ↑National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet
  16. ↑Phoenix New Times, May 28, 2019, "Baked Goods: How Did the Historic Phoenix Bakery End Up at the Zoo?"
  17. ↑AZCentral, June 24,1920, "Historic downtown Phoenix Steinegger Lodging House building to be demolished"
  18. ↑Arizona Central
  19. ↑"The Stockyards Restaurant". Archived from the original on October 8, 2013. Retrieved April 5, 2015.
  20. 12"Downtown Phoenix"; Authors: Seth Anderson; Suad Mahmulin and Jim McPherson; Publisher: Arcadia Publishing; ISBN 978-0738585239
  21. ↑Sweet Old Buildings
  22. ↑"Punk Drunk". Archived from the original on April 2, 2016. Retrieved March 20, 2016.
  23. ↑Arizona Republic
  24. 12AZ Central
  25. ↑Funerarias Del Angel
  26. ↑Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS) No. AZ-145, "Phoenix Indian School, Northeast Corner of Central Avenue & Indian School Road, Phoenix, Maricopa County, AZ", 4 measured drawings, 14 data pages
  27. ↑17 Historic Schools in Metro Phoenix
  28. ↑Why The 120-Year-Old Clinton Campbell House Is Slated for Demolition
  29. ↑Borah Death Notice
  30. ↑"Meritt Farm House". Archived from the original on August 18, 2016. Retrieved February 20, 2018.
  31. ↑Copenhaver Castle
  32. 123African American Historic Property Survey – City of PhoenixArchived 2014-10-10 at the Wayback Machine
  33. 123Asian American Historic Property Survey
  34. 123"Hispanic American Historic Property Survey"(PDF). Archived from the original(PDF) on October 23, 2014. Retrieved October 17, 2014.
  35. ↑Golden Gate
  36. ↑City of Phoenix African American Historic Property Survey
  37. ↑Arizona Republic
  38. ↑History of the Arizona Biltmore Hotel
  39. ↑"Remarks of Senator John F. Kennedy, Westward Ho Hotel Democratic Breakfast, Phoenix, AZ, November 3, 1960". Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved March 21, 2015.
  40. ↑Westward Ho
  41. ↑"JFK Speech". Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved March 21, 2015.
  42. ↑Known Burial Sites in Arizona
  43. ↑The oldest pioneer cemetery in Phoenix, Arizona
  44. ↑"Phoenix Crosscut Cemetery". Archived from the original on June 28, 2016. Retrieved February 13, 2017.
  45. ↑"Wallace & Ladmo Official Site". wallacewatchers.com.
  46. ↑Obituary Variety, February 23, 1972, p. 71.
  47. ↑Goldstein, Richard (October 27, 1998). "Winnie R. Judd, 93, Infamous As 1930's 'Trunk Murderess'". The New York Times. Retrieved January 12, 2010. Winnie Ruth Judd, who spent three decades in an Arizona state mental hospital as the notorious trunk murderess in one of the most sensational criminal cases of 1930s, died in Phoenix on Friday. She was 93.
  48. ↑Endangered Dozen Historic Places in Phoenix
  49. ↑Welsh, Liz; Welsh, Peter (2000). Rock-Art of the Southwest: A Visitor's Companion (Second (2004) ed.). Berkeley, California: Wilderness Press. p. 114. ISBN 0-89997-258-6.
  50. ↑"Deer Valley Rock Art Center". Smithsonian Magazine. Archived from the original on November 29, 2013. Retrieved October 17, 2014.
  51. ↑"Deer Valley Rock Art Center". About.Com. Archived from the original on December 13, 2013. Retrieved December 12, 2013.
  52. ↑"Best Will Bruder Building No One Knows About Phoenix". Phoenix New Times.
  53. ↑"Pioneers' Cemetery Association, Inc". Archived from the original on April 21, 2014. Retrieved October 17, 2014.
  54. ↑"Phoenix Government". Archived from the original on March 16, 2014. Retrieved October 17, 2014.
  55. ↑Cemetery history
  56. ↑Musical Instrument Museum
  57. ↑"Ashurst Cabin". Archived from the original on August 18, 2016. Retrieved July 2, 2016.
  58. ↑"Phoenix Bakery". Archived from the original on May 29, 2016. Retrieved July 2, 2016.
  59. ↑"Flying "V" Cabin". Archived from the original on May 29, 2016. Retrieved July 2, 2016.
  60. ↑Arizona Historical Society
  61. ↑History section of http://www.laveen.org. Accessed 21 April 2006.
  62. ↑Sunnyslope History from the Sunnyslope Historical Society and MuseumArchived 2014-09-03 at the Wayback Machine
  63. 12"There's No Place Like Sunnyslope by The Modern Phoenix Neighborhood Network". Archived from the original on May 23, 2016. Retrieved August 29, 2014.
  64. ↑Sage Publication
  65. ↑"Sunnyslope (Images of America)"; by Reba Wells Grandrud; p. 101; Publisher: Arcadia Publishing (2013); ISBN 978-0738599571
  66. 123"Sunnyslope (Images of America)"; by Reba Wells Grandrud; Publisher: Arcadia Publishing 2013; ISBN 978-0738599571
  67. ↑The Arizona State Fair has come to Phoenix
  68. ↑Polo Grounds Light Poles
  69. ↑Arizona republic

Further reading

  • Robert A. Melikian, Vanishing Phoenix. Arcadia Publishing; ISBN 978-0738578811.
  • Paul Scharbach and John H. Akers, Phoenix Then and Now. Thunder Bay Press; ISBN 978-1592233021
  • Reba Wells Grandrud, Sunnyslope (Images of America). Arcadia Publishing (July 29, 2013); ISBN 978-0738599571
  • City of Phoenix Historic Preservation and Ryden Architects, Midcentury Marvels: Commercial Architecture of Phoenix, 1945–1975. City of Phoenix; ISBN 978-0615409894