قائمة رواد الفضاء حسب أول رحلة

هذه قائمة برواد الفضاء حسب أول رحلة لهم . الجدول مُرتب ترتيبًا زمنيًا بدءًا من تاريخ أول رحلة. يلتزم الجدول بتعريف شائع لرائد الفضاء، وهو معيار الاتحاد الدولي للملاحة الجوية (FAI ) المتمثل في بلوغ ارتفاع يزيد عن 100 كيلومتر (62 ميلًا؛ 330,000 قدم) ، وبالتالي تجاوز خط كارمان الذي حدده الاتحاد . تختلف معايير تحديد من حقق رحلات الفضاء البشرية . الأفراد المؤهلون فقط للحصول على شارة رائد الفضاء الأمريكي ، التي تُمنح لمن يصلون إلى ارتفاع 80 كيلومترًا (50 ميلًا؛ 264,000 قدم) ، مُدرجون في أعلى رحلات طائرة X-15 ورحلات اختبار VSS Unity .
رواد الفضاء
معلمات الجدول
| أسطورة | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| مائل | رحلات فضائية شبه مدارية قطعت مسافة 100 كيلومتر (62 ميلاً) . | ||
| ◉ | بعد الاسم، يشير إلى رواد الفضاء شبه المداريين الذين طاروا إلى المدار في رحلة فضائية لاحقة. | ||
| △ | بعد الاسم، يشير إلى رواد الفضاء الذين سافروا إلى القمر دون الهبوط عليه . | ||
| ▲ | بعد الاسم، يشير إلى رواد الفضاء الذين ساروا على سطح القمر . | ||
| ‡ | بعد الاسم، يشير إلى أولئك الذين لقوا حتفهم خلال رحلتهم الفضائية الأولى. [ ملاحظة 1 ] | ||
| † | بعد الاسم، يشير إلى أولئك الذين لقوا حتفهم خلال رحلة فضائية لاحقة. [ ملاحظة 1 ] | ||
| ⊗ | بعد الاسم، يشير إلى أولئك الذين بدأت رحلتهم الفضائية الأولى وكان من الواضح [ ملاحظة 2 ] أنهم سيقطعون مسافة 100 كيلومتر (62 ميلاً) ، لكنهم فشلوا في ذلك. | ||
| البلد المرتبط | في عمود "الجنسية"، يشير الرمز إلى أول شخص من تلك الدولة يقطع مسافة 100 كيلومتر (62 ميلاً) . [ ملاحظة 3 ] | ||
| اسم غير مرتبط | إدخال لاحق في الجدول لرائد فضاء قام برحلة فضائية سابقة أو حاول القيام بها. [ ملاحظة 4 ] | ||
جميع الإدخالات مؤرخة من وقت الإطلاق بالتوقيت العالمي المنسق (UTC)، والذي يكون في بعض الأحيان قبل يوم واحد من التاريخ المحلي لعمليات الإطلاق من مواقع في نصف الكرة الشرقي مثل بايكونور، وبعد يوم واحد من التاريخ المحلي لعمليات الإطلاق من مواقع في نصف الكرة الغربي مثل كيب كانافيرال .
كقاعدة عامة، يسافر حاملو الجنسية المزدوجة تحت علم واحد عند سفرهم كطاقم فضائي محترف و/أو عند سفرهم على متن مركبات فضائية تديرها الحكومات، وهذا هو العلم الذي يُدرجون تحته في الجدول. أما بالنسبة لرحلات الفضاء لحاملي الجنسية المزدوجة من المواطنين العاديين الذين يسافرون على متن مركبات فضائية تجارية كركاب عاديين، فإن الأعلام المعروضة هي أعلام بلدانهم الأصلية، إلا إذا لم يكن المسافر الفضائي يحمل جنسية ذلك البلد و/أو أوضح نيته تمثيل جنسية مختلفة.
طاولة










































































See also
Notes
- 12Fatalities which occurred during training or testing are not included in this list, but can be found in the list of spaceflight-related accidents and incidents.
- ↑i.e. In a class of vehicle that had already been flight-proven above 100 km (62 mi), for most of its launches.
- ↑In cases where the first space traveller from a particular country flew on a sub-orbital flight, that flight is also linked in italics.
- 12Most space travellers have a single entry in the table dated on the launch of their first spaceflight or attempt thereof. The only exception is when a traveller successfully crossed 100 km (62 mi) for the first time after a failed attempt.
- ↑The distance of Gagarin's spaceflight exceeded the circumference of the Earth and the total duration of the flight exceeded its orbital period. Due to the rotation of the Earth, Gagarin nevertheless landed west of the Vostok 1 launch site after completing a single orbit.
- ↑Vladimir Komarov died during Soyuz 1.
- 12Soyuz 11 capsule depressurised in orbit.
- 1234567See the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster.
- ↑Lodewijk van den Berg was a naturalised United States citizen at the time of his flight, having been born in the Netherlands.
- ↑Franklin Chang Díaz is a dual national of the United States and Costa Rica, but flew under the United States flag.
- 12Toktar Aubakirov returned to Earth prior to the dissolution of the Soviet Union, upon which he became a Kazakh citizen.
- ↑Michael Foale is a dual national of the United States and the United Kingdom, but flew under the United States flag.
- 1234See the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster.
- ↑Piers Sellers was a dual national of the United States and United Kingdom, but flew under the United States flag.
- ↑Anousheh Ansari is a dual national of the United States and Iran, but flew under the United States flag.
- ↑Nicholas Patrick is a dual national of the United States and United Kingdom, but flew under the United States flag.
- ↑Soyuz MS-10 booster failed several minutes after launch, and achieved sub-orbital spaceflight only according to the United States definition of 80 km (50 mi). The flight reached an altitude of 93 km (58 mi), not high enough to meet the official FAI criterion of 100 km (62 mi). The crew landed safely.[298]
- ↑Vanessa O'Brien is a dual national of the United States and the United Kingdom, but flew under the United Kingdom flag.
- ↑Wang was born in China but lives primarily in Svalbard and since 2023 is also a citizen of Malta and Saint Kitts and Nevis through their golden visa programs. He will wear the flag of Malta on his spacesuit during the spaceflight.[342]
- ↑Mikkelsen was born in the United Kingdom, but is now a citizen of Norway. She will wear the flag of Norway on her spacesuit during the spaceflight.[344]
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- Lists of astronauts
