قائمة أبطال الشطرنج الكبار

📅 آخر تحديث: ٣ أغسطس ٢٠٢٦
✍️ نُشر في: ٣ أغسطس ٢٠٢٦
الموسوعة الحرة

جميع الأشخاص المذكورين أدناه كانوا أساتذة كبار (GM) في الشطرنج . يُمنح هذا اللقب منذ عام 1950 للاعبين الذين استوفوا المعايير التي يحددها الاتحاد الدولي للشطرنج ( FIDE ). وباستثناء لقب بطل العالم ، يُعدّ هذا اللقب أعلى لقب يمكن أن يحصل عليه لاعب الشطرنج، ويُمنح مدى الحياة، مع العلم أن لوائح الاتحاد الدولي للشطرنج تسمح بسحب الألقاب في حالة الغش أو التزوير. وقد منح الاتحاد الدولي للشطرنج 2143 لقب أستاذ كبير، باستثناء أربعة ألقاب تم سحبها.

الأساتذة الكبار

تُدرج أسماء اللاعبين عادةً كما تظهر في سجلات الاتحاد الدولي للشطرنج (FIDE)، مثل صفحات ملف تعريف اللاعبين على موقع الاتحاد، مع استخدام الأحرف المُشكّلة عند الاقتضاء، والتي تُبسّطها قواعد بيانات الاتحاد إلى الأبجدية الإنجليزية . عند تغيير أسماء اللاعبين أو تهجئتها، يُستخدم الاسم الأحدث حتى لو كان مختلفًا عن الاسم المُستخدم عند منح اللقب، والذي يُدرج حينها في عمود الملاحظات. لا تُذكر الاختلافات في الترجمة الصوتية، مثل "Alexei" و "Alexey".

بدأ الاتحاد الدولي للشطرنج (FIDE) بإصدار رموز تعريفية منذ عام ١٩٩٨؛ ولم يُخصص رمز تعريفي لبعض كبار الأساتذة القدامى. بالنسبة لكبار الأساتذة الأحياء، يُمثل هذا الحقل رابطًا إلكترونيًا إلى صفحة ملف تعريف الاتحاد الدولي للشطرنج، والتي تُظهر عادةً سنة منح لقب كبير الأساتذة وسنة ميلاد اللاعب. أما رموز تعريف الاتحاد الدولي للأساتذة المتوفين، فتُحفظ في هذا الجدول لتسهيل مطابقتها مع سجلات الاتحاد الدولي القديمة، مثل قوائم تصنيف الاتحاد.

سنة منح اللقب هي السنة التي منح فيها الاتحاد الدولي للشطرنج (FIDE) اللقب رسميًا. في بعض الأحيان، قد تكون هذه السنة بعد عام من استيفاء اللاعب لمتطلبات المعايير النهائية للقب. في حالات قليلة (مثل إستيبان كانال)، مُنح اللقب بأثر رجعي، بعد سنوات عديدة من الإنجازات ذات الصلة.

يُذكر اتحاد اللاعب وقت منحه لقب الأستاذ الكبير. وإذا غيّر اللاعب اتحاده لاحقًا، يُدرج ذلك في الملاحظات.

يُقدّم عمود الملاحظات مصادر الصف بأكمله، والمصادر من عام 1950 إلى عام 2016 موجودة أيضاً في كتاب " حاملو ألقاب الشطرنج الدولية، 1950-2016" من تأليف دي فيليس. [ 1 ]

Revoked titles

FIDE titles including the grandmaster title are valid for life, but FIDE regulations allow a title to be revoked for "use of a FIDE title or rating to subvert the ethical principles of the title or rating system" or if a player is found to have violated the anti-cheating regulations in a tournament on which the title application was based.[4]

Revoked GM Title Awards
NameFIDE IDBornDiedYearRevokedFederationsSexNotes
Crișan, Alexandru12012711962-07-3119932015RomaniaMFalsified tournament reports; Date of title revocation is unclear[note 119]
Nigalidze, Gaioz136030781989-04-2420142015GeorgiaMFIDE Ethics Commission Case n. 7/2015;[7]title application
Rausis, Igors116000981961-04-072024-03-2819922019Latvia • Bangladesh • Czech RepublicMFIDE Ethics Commission Case n. 8/2019[8]
Shevchenko, Kirill141295742002-09-2220172025Ukraine • RomaniaMFIDE report

See also

Notes

  1. ↑References have three different dates of birth for Abbasifar, the one shown (12 Sep 1972) is from his GM title application. Di Felice lists 11 Aug 1972; his IM title application gives 11 Sep 1982.
  2. ↑Abdusattorov's date of birth is from ChessBase News: Friedel, Frederic (29 October 2017), Abdusattorov second youngest GM ever, ChessBase. His birthplace is from Barden, Leonard (6 January 2017), "Ramesh Praggnanandhaa and Nodirbek Abdusattorov race to break world record", The Guardian, retrieved 26 January 2021.
  3. ↑Al Khatib Ahmad and Lina Nassr win Arab Chess Championship, FIDE, 6 March 2023, retrieved 20 May 2023
  4. ↑Алексей Александров[Alexey Alexandrov] (in Russian), chess-boom.online, November 2020, retrieved 9 September 2022
  5. ↑Farrukh Amonatov, Chess Interviews, 26 September 2010, retrieved 8 January 2022
  6. ↑Di Felice gives 2001 as Anić's GM title year, but the FIDE Golden Book and the FIDE Chess Profile show the title award was in 1999.
  7. ↑Di Felice and IM application give Aravindh's birth date as 11 Sep 1999, GM application has 15 Sep 1999
  8. ↑FIDE rating lists from 1975 to 2017 list Ardiansyah as "Ardiansyah, H" and some sources such as Di Felice and FIDE Golden Book indicate his name was Hasan. Indonesian sources say that "H" is an abbreviation for the Muslim honorific Hajji and that his name was simply Ardiansyah. "Ardiansyah (1951–2017)", IndonesiaBase, 24 January 2010, retrieved 30 January 2021. "Granmaster Catur Indonesia, Ardiansyah, Meninggal Dunia"[Indonesian Chess Grandmaster, Ardiansyah, Passes Away], Tempo.co (in Indonesian), 30 October 2017, retrieved 30 January 2021.
  9. ↑Di Felice gives Askarov's title year as 2007, but the FIDE Golden Book and the FIDE Chess Profile have 2008 as the title award year. The title application was considered at the 1st quarter Presidential Board Meeting 2008, 21-22 December 2007, Singapore.
  10. ↑Di Felice lists 2009 as Bercenilla's title year, but the FIDE Chess Profile and the FIDE Golden Book show the title was awarded in 2010. The title application was considered at the 80th FIDE Congress 2009, 11-18 October 2009, Halkidiki, GRE.
  11. ↑Di Felice lists Borišek's title year as 2008, but the FIDE Chess Profile and the FIDE Golden Book have 2009.
  12. ↑Красивый мат в 1 ход. Решить не каждому под силу (in Russian), chessok.net, retrieved 24 September 2022
  13. ↑Di Felice lists Bryzgalin's title year as 2007, but the FIDE Chess Profile and the FIDE Golden Book give 2008.
  14. ↑Preminuo velemajstor Mišo Cebalo[Grandmaster Mišo Cebalo passed away] (in Croatian), Croatian Radiotelevision, 3 September 2022, retrieved 5 September 2022
  15. ↑Di Felice gives Chernobay's date of birth as 11 Jun 1989, but his GM title application says 23 June.
  16. ↑Di Felice lists 27 January 1991 as Chirilă's date of birth.
  17. ↑Cori's birth date is given as 30 July 1995 by Di Felice and on his IM title application. His GM title application gives 2 July.
  18. ↑Di Felice lists Cori Quispe's birthday as 8 February 1999, but his GM title application has 2 August.
  19. ↑Colodro, Carlos Alberto (20 April 2026), Ukrainian IM Roman Dehtiarov stunningly becomes European champion in Katowice, ChessBase
  20. ↑De La Paz Perdomo's GM title application lists 1973 as his birth year, but Di Felice and other sources give 1975.
  21. ↑Di Felice states the title year as 2000, but FIDE Golden Book has 2001 and Domínguez was still noted as "m" in the FIDE July 2001 rating list.
  22. ↑Di Felice and other sources give Dorfman's birth year as 1952. FIDE records used to list 1952 as Dorfman's birth year as well, but his FIDE Chess Profile now says 1953.
  23. ↑Harika Dronavalli – The Unstoppable Women Grandmaster from India, Chess Player Profiles, 9 April 2022, retrieved 17 September 2022
  24. ↑Iivo Nei and Andreas Dueckstein awarded Honorary GM title, FIDE, 15 February 2024, retrieved 29 February 2024
  25. ↑ДЖУМАЕВ МАРАТ РУСТАМОВИЧ[Dzhumaev Marat Rustamovich] (in Russian), Sehrli Shahmat, archived from the original on 17 January 2023, retrieved 8 January 2022
  26. ↑Di Felice and Gaige 1987 give Eingorn's birthday as 25 November 1956, but other sources have 23 November.
  27. ↑The GM title application for Eliseev gives his birthdate as 29 July 1996, but Di Felice has 29 August.
  28. ↑"Yağız Kaan Erdoğmuş kimdir?"[Who is Yağız Kaan Erdoğmuş?], Haber7 (in Turkish), 28 July 2020, archived from the original on 31 July 2022, retrieved 21 August 2024
  29. ↑"Avrupa satranç şampiyonu Yağız Kaan Erdoğmuş'un hedefi, 'büyükusta' olmak - Spor Haberleri"[European chess champion Yağız Kaan Erdoğmuş's goal is to become a 'grandmaster'], Fanatik (in Turkish), 31 January 2020, retrieved 21 August 2024
  30. ↑Escobar Forero's GM title application lists his birth date as 10 March 1977, but Di Felice has 11 March.
  31. ↑Esipenko's birthplace is from Chessbase News: Friedel, Frederic (21 September 2018), Guess who came to encourage the Russian Olympiad teams?, ChessBase
  32. ↑Fedoseev birthplace from McGourty, Colin (21 March 2017), Howell claims Winter Classic in thrilling finish, chess24, retrieved 18 July 2022
  33. ↑Di Felice lists Anton Filippov's birthday as 6 December 1986, but his GM title application has 12 June.
  34. ↑Fırat's 2017 GM title application gives his birthplace as Barcelona, Spain, but his 2010 IM application listed İzmir, Turkey, as does GM Burak Fırat 2019 yılında merkezimizde derslere başlamıştır[GM Burak Fırat started classes at our center in 2019] (in Turkish)
  35. ↑U.S. Chess Champs, uschesschamps.com, retrieved 26 September 2022
  36. ↑Відкритий особистий чемпіонат України з шахів (in Ukrainian), Федерація шахів України, retrieved 24 December 2022
  37. ↑Di Felice gives Valeriane Gaprindashvili's GM title year as 2003, but both the FIDE Golden Book and the FIDE Chess Profile page have 2001.
  38. ↑Di Felice gives Geller's birth date as 2 March 1925.
  39. ↑"Гиря Ольга Александровна – биография"[Girya Olga Alexandrovna - biography], viperson.ru (in Russian), 21 January 2019, retrieved 3 June 2022
  40. ↑Gomez Esteban's GM title application lists his birthday as 5 February 1958, but Di Felice and other sources have 15 February.
  41. ↑Di Felice gives 2008 as the title year for González Vidal, but the FIDE Profile page and the FIDE Golden Book have 2009.
  42. ↑Gordievsky's date and place of birth are from Di Felice.
  43. ↑Sidorova, Vera (16 October 2022), «Наш человек» в Тольятти["Our Man" in Tolyatti] (in Russian), retrieved 11 September 2025
  44. ↑"Vidit Santosh Gujrathi", The Times of India, 19 January 2018, retrieved 20 October 2021
  45. ↑Szymon Gumularz (in Polish), Szachy w Polsce, 10 December 2015, retrieved 24 February 2022
  46. ↑Di Felice and Gaige list Gurevich's birthday as 6 February 1972, but the FIDE Golden Book and other sources have 8 February.
  47. ↑Happy Birthday GM Ravi Haria (07-ii-1999), British Chess News, 7 February 2021, retrieved 17 September 2022
  48. ↑Harutjunyan's GM title application seems to show a date of birth of 5 July 1981, but Di Felice and other sources have 7 May.
  49. ↑Hayrapetyan, Hovik (15.02.1990), the Chesspedia, archived from the original on 21 September 2022, retrieved 17 September 2022
  50. ↑Birthday Greetings GM Julian Hodgson (25-VII-1963), British Chess News, 25 July 2020, retrieved 26 October 2022
  51. ↑Di Felice lists Hübner's title year as 1970, but Gaige and the FIDE Golden Book show the title was awarded in 1971.
  52. ↑Di Felice lists 1993 as Istrățescu's title year, but the FIDE Chess Profile page and the FIDE Golden Book have 1994.
  53. ↑"he got the GM title in 2005 for norms that he made in the early 1990s and was unaware of" –"Igor Ivanov – Grandmaster and pianist", Chessbase News, 3 January 2006
  54. ↑Di Felice lists Mikhail Ivanov's birth date as 20 Jan 1969, but old FIDE rating lists have 10 Jan. The FIDE Golden Book confirms that Ivanov was awarded the GM title in 1993, but it does not list a birth date.
  55. ↑Di Felice lists 1977 as Božidar Ivanović's GM title year, but his FIDE Chess Profile page and the FIDE Golden Book have 1978. Di Felice lists Božidar's birth year as 1949 which is what FIDE records said at time the book was published, but FIDE subsequently changed the birth year to 1946.
  56. ↑Di Felice gives Karthikeyan as born in Chennai on 1 May 1999, but his GM title application has Thanjavur on 5 January.
  57. ↑Gaige lists Kavalek's title year as 1965.
  58. ↑Di Felice gives Kachiyan's title year as 2005, but FIDE rating lists show him as an IM until the July 2006 list.
  59. ↑FIDE delegation meets with Pakistan's President and PM, FIDE, 4 February 2024, retrieved 5 February 2024
  60. ↑Doggers, Peter (5 February 2024), Honorary Grandmaster Title Posthumously Awarded To Sultan Khan, Chess.com, retrieved 5 February 2024
  61. ↑Di Felice and Gaige give Kirov's date of birth as 9 Sep 1945, but some sources such as Chess24 – Nino Kirov (1945–2008) (in Bulgarian) give 11 Sep 1945
  62. ↑Di Felice indicates Klimov received the GM title in 2008, but the FIDE Golden Book gives 2009.
  63. ↑Di Felice lists Kurajica's title year as 1975, but the FIDE Golden Book has 1974.
  64. ↑Birthdate and birthplace are from "КУЗУБОВ ЮРИЙ"[Kuzubov Yuri], www.chesspage.kiev.ua (in Ukrainian), 19 January 2005, retrieved 31 January 2021
  65. ↑Di Felice gives Le Roux's date of birth as 1 May 1982, but his GM title application says 5 May.
  66. ↑Lei's WGM title application lists her birthday as 13 March 1997, but Di Felice and her GM title application have 3 March.
  67. ↑Lenič's GM application lists his birthday as 13 August 1988, but Di Felice gives 13 May.
  68. ↑Di Felice gives Liberzon's title year as 1966, but both Gaige and The FIDE Golden Book have 1965.
  69. ↑The FIDE Golden Book lists Lupu's title year as 1994; Di Felice gives 1995.
  70. ↑Di Felice lists Magerramov's title year as 1990, but the FIDE Golden Book has 1992.
  71. ↑Mahjoob Zardast's GM title application lists his birthday as 28 March 1980, but Di Felice has 20 March.
  72. ↑Manolache's GM title application lists his birth year as 1974, but Di Felice has 1973.
  73. ↑Di Felice gives 2005 as Meijers' title year, but the FIDE Golden Book has 2004.
  74. ↑Di Felice gives Mikhalevski's birthday as 8 July 1972, but FIDE Golden Book has 12 July.
  75. ↑Di Felice and Gaige give Milić's date of death as 27 May 1986, but some online sources have 28 May.
  76. ↑Di Felice and several other sources (Gaige 1987, Golombek 1977, Kažić 1974) give 5 March 1937 as Minić's birthday. Some online sources published shortly after his death such as TWIC 546 said his birthday was 5 April 1936.
  77. ↑Munkhgal's birthday is from his IM title application.
  78. ↑Doggers, Peter (26 July 2021), "FIDE World Cup R1.3: 14-Year-Old Murzin Through", Chess.com, retrieved 10 December 2022
  79. ↑Iivo Nei and Andreas Dueckstein awarded Honorary GM title, FIDE, 15 February 2024, retrieved 29 February 2024
  80. ↑Di Felice records Okhotnik as a GM in 2006, but FIDE ratings lists show him as an IM until November 2011. In fact Okhotnik earned the GM title by winning the 21st World Senior Championship in November 2011.
  81. ↑Di Felice gives Oll's title year as 1992, but FIDE Golden Book and other sources have 1990. Oll was assigned FIDE ID 4500024 in the July 1998 and Jan 1999 rating lists, but this number was reassigned later to Ladva.
  82. ↑The Ortiz Suárez GM title application lists his birthday as 30 March 1980, but Di Felice has 2 April 1985 and the Ortiz Suarez FIDE Chess Profile also lists his birth year as 1985.
  83. ↑FIDE gives Ovsejevitsch's birth year as 1977, but Di Felice says his birthday is 4 May 1974 because of an error in a previous version of the FIDE database.
  84. ↑Di Felice lists 1992 as Thomas Pähtz GM title year, but the correct year is 1990 as given in the FIDE Golden Book.
  85. ↑Di Felice gives Paleza's birthday as 5 December 1986, but his GM title application says 8 December.
  86. ↑Paravyan's GM title application lists his birthday as 3 August 1998, but Di Felice, his IM title application and other sources give 8 March 1998.
  87. ↑Di Felice lists Perelshteyn's birthday as 15 June 1980, but many online sources have 2 February 1980.
  88. ↑Manual Petrosyan's GM title application gives his birthday as 6 May 1998, but Di Felice has 15 May.
  89. ↑Di Felice gives Pietzsch's title year as 1966, but both Gaige and the FIDE Golden Book give 1965.
  90. ↑Di Felice gives Podochenko's birthday as 2 July 1988, but his GM title application has 7 Feb 1988.
  91. ↑Riff's GM title application lists his birthday as 29 April 1981, but Di Felice has 22 April as does Jean-Noël Riff[fr].
  92. ↑Romanenko's GM title application gives his birthday as 4 June 1985, but Di Felice and other sources have 6 April.
  93. ↑ВАДИМ РУБАН[Vadim Ruban] (in Russian), Chess Federation of Russia, 13 June 2022, retrieved 5 September 2022
  94. ↑For many years it was believed that Rubinstein was born on 12 Oct 1882, but more recent research has shown that 1 Dec 1880, the birth date on Rubinstein's gravestone, is correct. Rubinstein's DOB, Chess History & Literature Society, 19 Apr 2014
  95. ↑Šahović was assigned FIDE ID 901644, but after his death that ID was given to a different player.
  96. ↑Di Felice gives 18 April 1992 as Yago Santiago's birthday, but his GM title application says 17 April.
  97. ↑Ibro Saric's GM title application lists his birthday as 20 December 1982, but both Di Felice and his IM application have 20 February.
  98. ↑Di Felice lists Luhansk as Shvyrjov's birthplace, but his title application says Kyiv.
  99. ↑Шахматист Алексей Сорокин стал первым международным гроссмейстером в Алтайском крае (Chess player Aleksey Sorokin became the first international grandmaster in Altai Krai) (in Russian), Катунь 24, 18 August 2021, archived from the original on December 13, 2024, retrieved 28 May 2022
  100. ↑Stellwagen's GM title application gives 3 January 1987 as his birthday, but Di Felice and other sources say 1 March.
  101. ↑Stern's birthday is listed as 15 February 1972 by Di Felice and on his GM title application, but the German Wikipedia biography René Stern[de] gives 15 May.
  102. ↑Although Suleymanli's IM title application lists his birthdate as 20 March 2005, other online sources have 22 March.
  103. ↑Di Felice gives 29 Jun 1982 as Sundararajan Kidambi's birthday, but his GM title application lists 29 December.
  104. ↑German Masters, Runde 9, Svane gegen Keymer: Hat Keymer den Gewinn verpasst? (in German), de.chessbase.com, 25 August 2022, retrieved 17 January 2023
  105. ↑Świercz's GM title application gives his birth year as 1984. Di Felice says he was born in 1994.
  106. ↑Tazbir's GM title application lists his birthday as 2 August 1988, but Di Felice and his IM title application have 22 August.
  107. ↑Di Felice lists Tisdall's GM title year as 1995, but FIDE Golden Book and Tisdall's FIDE Chess Profile say the title was awarded in 1993.
  108. ↑Di Felice lists Tishin's GM title year as 2005, but FIDE Golden Book and Tishin's FIDE Chess Profile say the title award was in 2002.
  109. ↑Most sources including FIDE records give his birth date as 23 November 1905, but his birth certificate says 29 November 1904. "Birth certificate, TORRE Y REPETTO Carlos Jesús", Geneanet, retrieved 17 December 2024
  110. ↑МИХАИЛ УЛЫБИН (in Russian), ruchess.ru, retrieved 25 September 2022
  111. ↑Wahls' birthplace from Matthias Wahls, "My Chess CV, 1968", matthias-wahls.com, retrieved 11 November 2022
  112. ↑Di Felice lists Wedberg's GM title year as 1995, but FIDE Golden Book and the online FIDE Chess Profile say his title was awarded in 1990.
  113. ↑Di Felice gives 1995 as Xie Jun's GM title year, but FIDE Golden book lists her with the 1993 awardees.
  114. ↑Xu Xiangyu's birthday is more legible on his IM title application.
  115. ↑FIDE gives Igor Zaitsev's birth year as 1937, but Di Felice and other sources say he was born 27 May 1938.
  116. ↑Zherebukh's GM application lists his birthday as 14 September 1993, but Di Felice and his IM application have 14 July.
  117. ↑Zhukova's GM application lists her birthday as 5 May 1979, but Di Felice has 5 June.
  118. ↑Di Felice gives Zoler's birthday as 19 January 1974, but his GM title application has 10 January.
  119. ↑Although it was recommended that Crișan's title be revoked in 2001,[5] he was still listed as a grandmaster in FIDE's official rating list until July 2015.[6] FIDE made no announcement when adjusting his rating downwards and de-listing his title in August 2015. However, the rating deduction was retroactively applied from October 2001. According to Di Felice, all titles (FM, IM, and GM) were revoked in 2015.

Obituaries

  1. ↑In Memoriam – Velemajstor Boško Abramović (1951–2021)[In Memoriam - Grand Master Boško Abramović (1951–2021)] (in Serbian), Serbia Chess Federation, 19 December 2019
  2. ↑Schulz, André (12 May 2023), András Adorján (1950-2023), ChessBase, retrieved 20 May 2023
  3. ↑Chess grandmaster Ashot Anastasyan dies, Armenpress, 26 December 2016, retrieved 20 June 2020
  4. ↑Yuri Averbakh, 1922–2022, Chess.com, 7 May 2022, retrieved 8 May 2022
  5. ↑McClain, Dylan Loeb (August 26, 2019). "Pal Benko, who stepped aside for Bobby Fischer, dies at 91". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 28, 2019. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
  6. ↑Ушел из жизни Сергей Асланович Бешуков (1971 - 2024)[Sergey Aslanovich Beshukov (1971 - 2024) has passed away] (in Russian), Chess Federation of Russia, 9 June 2024, retrieved 3 July 2024
  7. ↑"Young chess players 'killed by laughing gas'". BBC News. 2020-03-06. Retrieved 2020-03-06.. Doggers, Peter (6 March 2020). "GM Stanislav Bogdanovich And Girlfriend 'Found Dead In Moscow Apartment'". Chess.com. Retrieved 2020-03-06.
  8. ↑Preminuo banjalučki velemajstor Enver Bukić[Banja Luka Grandmaster Enver Bukić passed away] (in Serbian), 24 February 2017, retrieved 31 December 2023
  9. ↑Ś. † P. Krzysztof Bulski (1987–2020) (in Polish), Polish Chess Federation, 18 December 2020, retrieved 21 December 2020
  10. ↑Ушел из жизни Олег Черников[Oleg Chernikov passed away] (in Russian), Chess Federation of Russia, 6 February 2015, retrieved 7 September 2022
  11. ↑Schulz, André (5 August 2021), Istvan Csom (2 June 1940 – 28 July 2021), ChessBase News, retrieved 5 August 2021
  12. ↑RIP Yury Dokhoian (1964–2021), Chess Federation of Russia, 1 July 2021, retrieved 2 July 2021
  13. ↑Stichlberger, Martin (3 September 2024), Austrian chess legend Andreas Dückstein dies (1927–2024), ChessBase, retrieved 10 September 2024
  14. ↑Meghalt Faragó Iván nemzetközi sakknagymester[International chess grandmaster Iván Faragó has died] (in Hungarian), 13 December 2022, retrieved 22 December 2022
  15. ↑"Forintos Győző (1935–2018)". Hungarian Chess Federation (in Hungarian). 2018-12-15. Archived from the original on 2018-12-15. Retrieved 2019-04-28.
  16. ↑Falleció el ajedrecista Zenón Franco[Chess player Zenón Franco passed away] (in Spanish), 1 October 2024, retrieved 12 October 2024
  17. ↑Luto en el ajedrez colombiano: muere el Gran Maestro Gildardo García[Mourning in Colombian chess: Grandmaster Gildardo García dies] (in Spanish), El Tiempo, 2021-01-15, retrieved 2021-01-15
  18. ↑Grivas, Efstratios (2 August 2024), Krum Ivanov Georgiev, 1958–2024, ChessBase, retrieved 2 August 2024
  19. ↑Doggers, Peter (2025-12-23), "Jonathan Hawkins (1983-2025)", Chess.com
  20. ↑Fallece el Gran Maestro cubano de ajedrez Román Hernández[Cuban chess Grandmaster Román Hernández dies] (in Spanish), OnCuba News, 1 June 2021, retrieved 5 Jun 2021
  21. ↑André Schulz, André (13 May 2025), "Vlastimil Hort has passed away", ChessBase, retrieved 21 May 2025
  22. ↑Schulz, André (5 January 2025), Robert Hübner has passed away, ChessBase, retrieved 26 January 2025
  23. ↑Schulz, André (16 February 2022), Remembering Borislav Ivkov (12 November 1933 – 14 February 2022), ChessBase, retrieved 18 February 2022
  24. ↑Mihajlova, Diana (4 January 2022), Remembering GM Gábor Kállai, 21 February 1959 – 31 December 2021, ChessBase, retrieved 8 January 2022Meghalt Kállai Gábor nemzetközi sakknagymester[International chess master Gábor Kállai has died] (in Hungarian), Telex.hu, 31 December 2021
  25. ↑Friedel, Frederik (19 January 2021), Lubomir Kaválek, 1943–2021, ChessBase News, retrieved 20 January 2021. Langer, Emily (19 January 2021), "Lubomir Kavalek, international chess grandmaster, dies at 77", The Washington Post, retrieved 20 January 2021
  26. ↑Chess-News.ru [@Chess_News] (28 July 2021). "Ушёл из жизни гроссмейстер Дмитрий Каюмов (1949 - 2021)"[Grandmaster Dmitry Kayumov (1949 - 2021) has passed away] (Tweet) (in Russian). Retrieved 18 August 2021– via Twitter.
  27. ↑АЛЕКСАНДР ХАСИН[Alexander Khasin] (in Russian), Chess Federation of Russia, 29 April 2022, retrieved 7 September 2022
  28. ↑Brynjólfur Þór Gudmundsson (1 March 2018), Stefán Kristjánsson látinn[Stefán Kristjánsson deceased] (in Icelandic), Ríkisútvarpið
  29. ↑Nikolai Krogius (1930–2022), FIDE, 17 July 2022, retrieved 18 July 2022
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References

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  3. ↑祝贺！重庆又添一位国际象棋男子特级大师！
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